ABSTRACT
This article reviews will focus on the concept and formation of micro particles [MPs] in circulation and their role in transfusion medicine and immune system. MPs are cell membrane derived vesicles which express markers of their parent cells and are found in circulation at low levels. Exact functions of MPs are unclear. In here, Physiological almost all types of circulating MPs including platelets MPs [PMPs], leukocytes MPs [LMPs], red blood cells MPs [RMPs] and endothelial cells MPs [EMPs] have been discussed. Furthermore, MPs present in plasma and blood products and their levels increase during storage. Thus, it can be stated that MPs are likely to cause transfusion reactions, particularly thrombotic complications and Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury [TRALI]. Also, it is shown that the MPs may affect the immune system. However, to prove these, more and extensive studies both in vivo and in vitro need to be done
ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease [AD] is the most familiar disease, which leads to dementia. There are many studies to find the pretreatment and treating drugs in this disease. Many herbs show the protective effect against AD. The protective role of Salvia genus in neurodegenerative disease is well established. In this study, we evaluated the protective role of Salvia hydrangea [S. hydrangea] extract on AD model. Rats were gavaged for 10 days by S. hydrangea. Subsequently, rats were injected by amyloid beta and were tested by shuttle box. The molecular level of Ca[2+]/cAMP response element binding [CREB], caspase-3 antioxidant and acetylcholine esterase activity were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that S. hydrangea could improve memory in AD models rats. S. hydrangea increased antioxidant activity and CREB phosphorylation in pretreated rats. Treating by S. hydrangea decreased neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Chromatographic analysis showed that S. hydrangea has phenolic compounds such as gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic and syringic acid. Our results suggested that S. hydrangea contain a dominant potential in prevention of AD