ABSTRACT
Blood-borne infections, such as the HIV virus and hepatitis B and C, are major problems in patients receiving blood products. Here we examined the prevalence of HTLV-1, HCV, HBV, and HIV in hemophilic patients. Across-sectional study on 108 hemophilic patients [101 males and 7 females] involved detection of HBV, HCV, HIV and HTLV-1 infections using immunoassays for HBsAg, hepatitis B core antibodies [anti-HBc], hepatitis C antibodies [anti-HCV], HIV antibodies [anti-HIV] and Anti-HTLV-1. Real-time PCR was used to measure HCV RNA, and HCV genotyping was performed by direct sequencing of the 5* noncoding region. Hemophilia A was reported in 93 [86%] patients with severe symptoms in 8 cases. The seroprevalence of anti-HCV and anti-HTLV-1 antibodies was 20% and 3% respectively. One patient with severe hemophilia had a HCV/HTLV-1 co-infection. HCV-RNA was detected in 82% of patients. In terms of genotyping prevalence was 56% HCV genotype 3a, 39% HCV genotype 1a, and 6% HCV genotype2. Anti HIV and HBsAg were not detected in any patient. HTLV1 prevalence was higher, HCV lower in South Khorasan than other regions in Iran or elsewhere. Management of transfusion of blood and blood products should account for the underlying prevalence of infectious agents
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Chronic otitis media with effusion is a common childhood infection. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of bacterial causes of chronic otitis media with effusion and their drug resistance in patients with intact tympanic membranes
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 100 patients with chronic otitis media with effusion who underwent myringotomy from October 2011 to September 2013 were selected through census and assessed. First of all, their middle ear secretions were collected and cultured in thioglycollate broth. Then, the isolated bacteria were identified and their drug sensitivity was evaluated using standard disk diffusion method
Results: Out of 87 samples with positive culture results the most common bacteria isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci [39%] and streptococcus alpha, beta, and non-hemolytic [24%]. A significant association between the type of bacteria isolated from the ear with acute otitis media discharge [P = 0. 003], affected ears [P = 0. 049] and presence of allergy [P = 0. 029] was observed. Among the antibiotics tested, the highest sensitivity was that of levofloxacin [94. 7%], clindamycin [84. 9%], and ciprofloxacin [83. 3%] and the highest resistance belonged to oxacillin [77. 1%], trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [59. 4%] and cefixime [58. 3%]
Conclusion: Based to the obtained results, when the middle ear secretion culture is impossible, administration of the antibiotics clindamycin and ciprofloxacin to the patients is recommended