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@#Introduction: Hand hygiene plays a huge role in removing hospital infections. The aim of this study was to explore the nurses’ viewpoints about the factors affecting hand hygiene compliance. Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, the data were collected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 15 nurses. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analyses were conducted using Lundman and Graneheim’s method. Results: Six themes were identified, including the facilitator and barriers to compliance with hand hygiene on personal, interpersonal, and organizational levels. One theme was personal facilitator, with categories of facilitating the cognition and adherence to values. Personal barriers included cognitive obstacles, attitudinal barriers, and physical barriers. The interpersonal facilitators included supportive social climate and appropriate culture building. The interpersonal barriers involved inappropriate culture building and being under pressure. The organizational facilitators were strong leadership style, good managerial support, and competent staff evaluation; the last theme was organizational barriers with categories of poor leadership style, ineffective staff development, inconsistency in organizational policy, and incompetent staff evaluation. Conclusion: This study adopted an integrated approach to examining the factors affecting the nurses’ hand hygiene compliance. It is recommended that future interventions should consider the differences at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels and developed a tailoring approach.
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@#Introduction: Sleep disorder is one of the most common problems in elderly people. The present study is focused on the effectiveness of educational intervention on sleep quality and psychological well-being in the elderly people. Method: This is a Randomized educational field-controlled trial which was conducted on 90 elderlies with the sleep disorder, who have been selected using systematic random sampling from the clients of comprehensive health centers in Borazjan, Iran, 2019. The educational intervention was presented for 5 weeks by lecture, group discussions and virtual learning methods. Data were collected by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Ryff’s Psychological well-being scale before and 2 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software using independent t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: The results showed significant statistical differences in sleep quality, subscales of sleep efficiency, sleeping time, and taking sleeping pills in experimental and control groups after the intervention (p≤0.005). Moreover, significant statistical difference was observed in terms of the mean scale of psychological well-being between experimental and control groups (p=0.036). Conclusion: Behavioral interventions can make various advantages for elderly people. Therefore, this study suggests providing such interventions in a wide range in comprehensive health centers, and boarding centers for the elderly.
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@#Introduction: Balance disorder is one of the huge risk factors for falling in elderly population. Falling leads to loss of independence of their functioning and activities of daily living. Preventing falls still exists as a challenge in public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of balance exercise training on balance status, and quality of life in elderly women. Methods: In the study, 60 elderly women with dizziness and history of falling over the past 6-12 months were randomized allocated into experimental and control group. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Romberg tests, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), and Leiden-Padua (LEIPAD) questionnaires were performed before and after training period in experimental group and compared to control group. Experimental group attended Cawthorne-cooksey (CC) and strengthening the sensory-motor system training in two-hour sessions twice in a week for 8 weeks. The repeated measure (one way and two way) ANOVA, independent-samples t-test, Bayesian Model, and ROC curve were applied to analysis the data using SPSS v.25. Results: Compared with the control group, BBS test result in 97% percent of the experimental group obtained normal. Experimental group improved significantly in the mean scores (ps<0.001) of BBS, Romberg, DHI, FES-I and some dimensions of life quality in LEIPAD. Conclusion: Balance exercises training (CC & strengthening the sensory-motor system) may induce significant improvements in balance and can be used for prevention or treatment in elderly people; further research is required to assess the long-term consequences of such interventions in elderly
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The individual’s perception of health, when health is understood to include many dimensions of life, is considered the basis for any improvement in health status. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Perceived Wellness Scale (PWS) by applying it to employees of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 180 staff members of the university selected by convenience sampling. The study instrument was a Persian version of the PWS prepared through a translation and back-translation process. The reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. A total of 180 employees participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 32.29 years (SD = 7.39) and 78.1% of the participants were women. The results showed that the Persian version of the PWS is acceptable. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.87 for the whole scale, ranging from 0.68 to 0.85 on different dimensions of the scale. The results of split-half reliability and CFA indicated that the reliability and validity of the PWS are acceptable. The PWS is therefore an effective tool for evaluating the different dimensions of perceived wellness in the Iranian population.
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Background: The reduction of suicidal attempts as one of the most important goals is improvement of societies' health status. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiologic aspects of suicide cases in Fars province in 2010-2011
Methods: A total of 9714 suicide cases in Fars province, south of Iran, in 2010-2011 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study through census. The study data were collected using suicide registry forms in the health centers affiliated to Fars province department of health services and analyzed using SPSS, version 17
Results: The rate of suicide attempts was 116.5 per 100,000 population in Fars province [93per 100,000 among men and 141.5 per 100,000 among women]. The results showed significant differences between the suicide rates based on sex, age group, place of living, and season of the year [P<0.001]. Most of these cases were female [59.4%], single [52.9%], 15-24 years old [56.4%], had high school education [25.8%], lived in urban areas [69.6%] and were female homemakers [30.3%]. Based on the data, however, the largest number of suicide deaths resulted from self-immolation [56.7%]
Conclusion: The present study findings revealed different rates of suicidal attempts based on sex and age group. Also, the importance of education and mental support, especially among women and singles, and also preventive measures in the context of uncontrolled immigration from the countryside to the large cities seems to essential more than ever. Yet, defects in some findings, particularly information about etiology, suggest that more researches should be conducted and suicide data registry and reporting systems should be improved
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Background: When people maintain positive attitudes during life, their beliefs orientation will be highly beneficial to their health. In other words, those who have optimistic expectations report better physical health which is the result of their better psychological compatibility. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on Theory of Planned Behavior [TPB] on Shirazi male high school students' degree of optimism
Methods: This educational randomized controlled trial was conducted on 240 male high school students in Shiraz. The research sample was selected through multi-stage random sampling. In this study, a demographic information form was used to gather the students' demographic characteristics. Besides, a positive thinking researcher-made questionnaire was designed based on TPB. Moreover, the life orientation test [optimism scale] developed by Scheier and Carver was used to evaluate the participants' degree of optimism. After all, the data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software [v. 19] using descriptive and inferential methods. Significance level was set at 0.05 in all the tests
Results: Compared to the control group, all the constructs of TPB increased in the intervention group after the training [P<0.001]. Moreover, Pearson correlation indicated a significant relationship between the constructs, and the highest correlation was among attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intention
Conclusion: According to the research findings, all the constructs of TPB played a key role in increasing the students' positive think. Thus, educational intervention based on TPB has a positive effect on increasing the students' positive think
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Introduction: Recognizing the determinants of behavior plays a major role in identification and application of effective strategies for encouraging individuals to follow the intended pattern of behavior. The present study aimed to analyze the university students' behaviors regarding the amenability to dress code, using the theory of reasoned action [TRA]
Methods: In this cross sectional study, 472 students were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by specialists. Besides, its reliability was confirmed by conducting a pilot study revealing Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.93 for attitude, 0.83 for subjective norms, 0.94 for behavioral intention and 0.77 for behavior. The data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics [Mann-Whitney, correlation and regression analysis]
Results: Based on the students' self-reports, conformity of clothes to the university's dress code was below the expected level in 28.87% of the female students and 28.55% of the male ones. The mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral intention to comply with dress code policy were 28.78 +/- 10.08, 28.51 +/- 8.25 and 11.12 +/- 3.84, respectively. The students of different colleges were different from each other concerning TRA constructs. Yet, subjective norms played a more critical role in explaining the variance of dress code behavior among the students
Conclusion: Theory of reasoned action explained the students' dress code behaviors relatively well. The study results suggest paying attention to appropriate approaches in educational, cultural activities, including promotion of student-teacher communication
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , AttitudeABSTRACT
Malaria is one of the most serious diseases in pregnant women as well as children less than 5 years around the world. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of health education based on the protection motivation theory on malaria preventive behaviors in the households of Ghale Ganj, Kerman, Iran in 2011. The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 144 households covered by 8 health centers of Ghale Ganj, Kerman. The study samples were selected through systematic random sampling and the study data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information, the constructs of the protection motivation theory, and a checklist for assessing the malaria preventive behaviors. After the pre-test, the intervention group underwent an educational intervention and after two months, the post-test was performed through the same questionnaire. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software [v. 18] and analyzed using Chi-square and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests. Besides, P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Before the intervention, no significant difference was found between the two study groups regarding perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, response costs, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and malaria preventive behaviors. After the intervention, however, a significant increase was observed in the intervention group's mean scores of all the constructs of the protection motivation theory as well as malaria preventive behaviors [P < 0.01]. According to the findings of the study, educational intervention based on the protection motivation theory is highly effective in promoting malaria preventive behaviors
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Background: Smoking is one of the preventable causes of diseases as well as early deaths all around the world. In addition, conducting educational interventions plays a major role in preventing adolescents from smoking. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventing Shirazi students from smoking
Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 154 male students of the 2[nd] grade of high school from Shiraz were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to a control and an experimental group. The study data were collected through a questionnaire including the demographic information, questions on knowledge, and questions based on the components of the theory of planned behavior. After the pre-test, the intervention group underwent the educational intervention and after 2 months, both groups took part in the post-test. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software [v.11.5] and analyzed through the non-parametric tests of Mann-Whitney, Fisher, and Chi- square as well as Linear Multiple Logistic Regression
Results: No significant difference was observed between the two groups' mean scores before the intervention. After the intervention, the intervention group's scores of knowledge, attitude, intention, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly increased
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior was highly effective in reducing Shirazi high school students' intention to smoke
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Background/Objective: This study aimed to address the knowledge gap in citizenship education. In other words, there was an attempt to investigate the effect of a citizenship education program on knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral intention of high schools girls
Methods: 228 female students, 91 in the experimental and 137 in the control groups participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The educational program was run in the experimental group using interactive teaching-learning techniques. The research data were, then, analyzed in SPSS, using inferential statistics
Results: The mean score of the students' knowledge in the experimental group increased from 7.35 +/- 1.93 in the pretest to 11.14 +/- 1.78 in the posttest, while in the control group this score remained approximately the same in the pre- and post-tests. The pre- and post-test means of attitude scores were statistically different, but not in the control group. The pretest mean scores of the subjective norm in the experimental and control groups were relatively similar, but in the posttest it became significantly different [experimental: 25.78 +/- 3.77, control: 23.40 +/- 4.62]. The students' behavioral intention score increased from 18.51 +/- 2.71 to 20.87 +/- 3.04 in the experimental group. The mean scores of intention in the pretest and posttest were not statistically different in the control group. In the second posttests, the levels of these constructs remained unchanged in the control group, but they were significantly higher than pretest scores in the experimental group
Conclusion: This study revealed the adolescents' need for as well as the efficacy of a citizenship education program