[Hedayat al-Motealemin fi Teb: the oldest medical treatise in the Persian language]

"Hedayat al-Motealemin fi Teb", written by Abobakr Ebn Ahmad Akhaveini in the Fourth century, [AH] is his only book left to the present time. From historical prospective, it is, by far, the first medicine book written in Farsi. Today, there are only three copies of the book kept in Badlyan libraries of Oxford, Fateh library of Istanbul and Malek library of Tehran. The reviews done on the three copies assert that the Bodlyan version is the oldest version and the closest one to the original book. From linguistic point of view, the book, containing a lot of information in fields of writing and orthography, verifies the power of Persian language in that era to fully fulfill the needs for writing a comprehensive medical text. Since the scientific aspect of this precious medical book has not been fully investigated, a review of the book will not only show the high status of Akheveini in medical history but also provide novel information on Akhaveini's therapeutic methods, leading to the studies which help to invent new complementary treatment methods in medicine. In this study, we will review the book, taking linguistic viewpoints and the texture of the book into account. This is followed by discussing the bibliography of the three copies, and finding their differences. Finally, after illustrating the scientific features of the book, we provide some evidence, witnessing the status of this book in the history of medical sciences

[Avicenna's views on bone fractures in canon of medicine]

The human knowledge on orthopedics traces back to dawn of the medical history. During the history of medicine, several scholars including Persian scientists investigated orthopedics and contributed to its flowering. Abu Ali al-Hussain ibn Abdullah ibn-Sina is a great Persian physician whose opinions on various aspects of medicine, including the science of orthopedics, are so remarkable. In this paper, we will review Avicenna's viewpoints and recommendations for diagnosis, care and treatment of different bones fractures which can be representative of the early knowledge on orthopedics in Persia

[Al-Akhawayni, an influencial contributor to medieval Persian science of neurology]

Al-Akhawayni Bukhari [?-983 AD], great 10th century Persian physician, in his extant book entitled Hidayat[Guide] discussed different aspects of some neurologic diseases that include prevention, clinical findings, treatment, and sometimes prognosis. Without doubt, Al-Akhawayni's knowledge on neurology, in addition to his familiarity to the works of his predecessors is obviously indebted to his experimental approach to medicine. These features resulted in providing a number of innovations. Another evidence is that, Al-Akhawayniwas known as insane's physician during his lifetime as a doctor. Therefore, it seems to be essential that this physician's only surviving book is evaluated with more emphasis, and Al-Akhawayni is being introduced to the modern world of science