ABSTRACT
To study the effect of erythropoietin [EPO] treatment on renal and lung injury following renal ischemia/re-perfusion [I/R]. Thirty male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups of 10 rats each. The first group was sham-operated, the second was subjected to renal I/R [30 min of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion]. The third group was subjected to renal I/R and treated with EPO in two doses: the first dose 1 h prior to ischemia [1,000 U/kg] and the second dose 6 h after ischemia [1,000 U/kg]. The renal and lung tissue injury index, tissue serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine [Cr] were higher in the renal I/R group compared to the renal I/R + EPO group; the difference was statistically significant [p < 0.05]. Kidney and lung tissue glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were higher in the renal I/R + EPO group than the renal I/R group; the difference was also statistically significant [p < 0.05]. The data showed that EPO pretreatment could be effective in reducing renal and lung injury following renal I/R and could improve the cellular antioxidant defense system. Hence EPO pretreatment may be effective for attenuating renal and lung injury after renal I/R-induced injury during surgical procedures, hypotension, renal transplantation and other conditions inducing renal I/R
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Reperfusion Injury , Oxidative Stress , Kidney/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Lung/pathologyABSTRACT
Limited data with adequate sample size exist on the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder [PTLD] in living donor kidney recipients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on the data of 10 transplant centers to identify the incidence of PTLD in Iran. Data of 9917 kidney transplant recipients who received their kidneys between 1984 and 2008 were reviewed. Fifty-one recipients [0.5%] who developed PTLD were evaluated with a median follow-up of 47.5 months [range, 1 to 211] months. Patients with PTLD represented 24% of all posttransplant malignancies [51 out of 211 cases]. There was no relationship between PTLD and sex [P = .20]. There were no statistically significance differences considering the age at transplantation between patients with and without PTLD. The late-onset PTLD [70.6%] occurred more frequently compared to the early form. There was no signification relationship between early-onset and late-onset groups in terms of clinical course and outcome. In patients who received azathioprine, PTLD was more frequent when compared to those who received mycophenolate mofetil [P < .001]. The lymph nodes were the predominantly involved site [35.3%], followed by the gastrointestinal tract, brain, kidney allograft, lung, ovary, vertebrae, and palatine. Age at diagnosis and the time from transplantation to diagnosis were comparable for various involvement sites of PTLDs. The overall mortality in this series of patients was 51.0%. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a rare but devastating complication and long-term prognosis can be improved with early recognition and appropriate therapy