ABSTRACT
This article reviews will focus on the concept and formation of micro particles [MPs] in circulation and their role in transfusion medicine and immune system. MPs are cell membrane derived vesicles which express markers of their parent cells and are found in circulation at low levels. Exact functions of MPs are unclear. In here, Physiological almost all types of circulating MPs including platelets MPs [PMPs], leukocytes MPs [LMPs], red blood cells MPs [RMPs] and endothelial cells MPs [EMPs] have been discussed. Furthermore, MPs present in plasma and blood products and their levels increase during storage. Thus, it can be stated that MPs are likely to cause transfusion reactions, particularly thrombotic complications and Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury [TRALI]. Also, it is shown that the MPs may affect the immune system. However, to prove these, more and extensive studies both in vivo and in vitro need to be done
ABSTRACT
Human CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells [HSCs] and the small- vessel endothelial cells of a variety of tissues. CD34 plays a critical role as a marker for diagnosis and classification of leukemia. Anti CD34 antibodies are used for isolation and purification of HSCs from bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood. To characterize a newly produced monoclonal antibody against a human CD34 peptide. Anti CD34 monoclonal antibody [Clone 2C10-D3] was purified from mouse ascitic fluid and hybridoma cell culture supernatants by affinity chromatography and its immune reactivity was examined by ELISA. The purified antibody was further characterized using Western blot and flow cytometry on TF1 [Human Erythroblast] cell line. ELISA experiment revealed that the antibody recognized CD34 peptide. Western blot analysis on TF1 cell lysate confirmed the reactivity of the antibody with a 42 Kda protein. Blocking the antibody with a saturating concentration of specific CD34 peptide resulted in loss of its activity with TF1 lysate in Western blot. The 2C10-D3 antibody reacted with TF1 cells in flow cytometry in a similar manner to a commercial anti CD34 monoclonal antibody. Our data suggest that the anti CD34 monoclonal antibody [Clone 2C10-D3] is an appropriate antibody to study the CD34+ cells by flow cytometry and Western blot.
ABSTRACT
Diabetic men have been claimed to have lower serum free testosterone [FT] concentrations than non-diabetic men. The aim of this study was to investigate if serum FT, luteinizing hormone [LH], and follicle stimulating hormone [FSH] concentrations are different in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with healthy men and to identify factors associated with low serum testosterone concentrations in men with type 2 diabetes. Serum FT, LH and FSH concentrations in 65 men with type 2 diabetes between 50 and 55 years compared with 65 non-diabetic men in Valye-Asr Hospital in Birjand, Iran during October 2009 to August 2010. In addition, the relationships between serum FT concentrations with LH and FSH concentrations as well as other factors including age, fast blood sugar and glycemic control [HbA1C] were investigated. Serum FT concentrations were significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients [2.53 +/- 1.68 pg/ml] than in healthy men [4.29 +/- 2.43 pg/ml] [P < 0.001]. There were not any significant differences in LH and FSH concentrations between the two groups. There was a significant negative relationship between serum FT and HbA1C, but this relation for LH and FSH was positive and nonsignificant [P < 0.001]. Serum FT concentration is lower in type 2 diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic men suggesting further research to better understand the underlying biologic mechanisms.
ABSTRACT
STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective study. PURPOSE: This study is conducted to determine the prevalence of unrecognized vertebral fracture (VF) in patients who present with back pain. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: VF is often unrecognized, and significantly increases the risk of further fractures. Unfortunately, the patients at a high risk for VF usually do not receive adequate therapy to reduce the fracture risk. METHODS: This is a prospective study of 344 patients who presented with back pain from April 2008 to May 2009. The patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) evaluation and vertebral fracture assessment from T4 to L4 using a hologic densitometer. RESULTS: Three hundred forty four of 386 patients who presented with back pain were included. Forty two patients were excluded because of a prior history of VF or the lack of written consent. Most of the patients were female (95.3%). The mean age of the patients was 58.21 +/- 11.74 years. According to the World Health Organization definition (based on the T-score), 13.4% of the patients had normal lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). 27.9% of them were osteopenic and 58.7% were osteoporotic. The overall prevalence of VF, as established by lateral vertebral assessment, was 39% (n = 134). Moreover, 62.6% (n = 84) of the patients with VF had more than one fracture and 64.1% (n = 86) of them had Grade 2 or 3 fracture. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend performing not only DXA scanning for BMD evaluation, but also VFA by DXA in old patients with back pain.