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1.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2014; 35 (11): 1378-1383
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-153965

ABSTRACT

To study the association between gingival biotypes and inclination and position of the maxillary and mandibular incisors. This cross-sectional study included 142 consecutive orthodontic patients [64 males and 78 females] who were seeking orthodontic treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from February 2013 to January 2014. Gingival biotype was assessed independently for the maxillary and mandibular central incisors using the transparency of periodontal probe method. Maxillary and mandibular incisors' inclination and position were measured using cephalometric analysis. The mean age was 23.56 [+/- 2.55] years. The prevalence of thin gingival biotype was 43% for the maxillary and 52.1% for the mandibular incisors. Females were 4 times more likely to have thin gingiva for the maxillary incisors and 5 times more likely for the mandibular incisors. A significant association was found between mandibular incisor inclination and position and thin gingival biotype, while there was no association between the maxillary incisor inclination and position and gingival biotypes. Mandibular incisor proclination and protrusion is associated with thin gingival biotype while no association is found in the maxilla. The evaluation of the gingival biotype is essential during diagnosis and treatment planning for potential orthodontic patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Incisor , Tooth , Orthodontics/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2014; 35 (3): 242-247
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-159365

ABSTRACT

To assess the effect of ovariectomy on the expression of estrogen receptor-beta [ER-beta] in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. This animal study was conducted at King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from March to October 2012. Thirty 12-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups [15 each]: ovariectomized [OVX] and sham-operated. Levels of estrogen and progesterone in the sera were measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. To detect the expression of ER-beta, immunostaining was performed on the tibia, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament specimens followed by quantitative histomorphometric analysis. Estrogen [p=0.001] and progesterone [p=0.007] levels were significantly decreased in the OVX rats compared to their controls. Histologically, the thickness and area percentage of the tibia and alveolar bone trabeculae were significantly reduced in OVX rats compared to the controls [p=0.001]. The periodontal ligament fibers in the control group exhibited well-organized and appropriately oriented fibers, while in the OVX group they appeared disrupted with loss of orientation. The ER-beta expression in the OVX rats was significantly decreased in the periodontal tissues [p=0.005] and tibia [p=0.008]. Estrogen deficiency resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of ER-beta in both tibia and periodontal tissues

3.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2013; 34 (5): 525-530
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-127418

ABSTRACT

To compare the expression of human beta-defensins [HBD] in the gingival tissues of obese and normal weight systemically healthy subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from March 2010 to November 2011. Twenty obese [10 affected with periodontitis and 10 periodontally healthy], and 20 normal weight subjects [10 affected with periodontitis and 10 periodontally healthy] were selected. Gingival tissue samples were collected and subjected to immunohistochemistry assay to evaluate the expression of HBD-1 and -2. In the epithelium, the staining was almost limited to the basal and supra-basal cells, while the superficial layers and keratin were negative. In the connective tissue, some of the chronic inflammatory cells and fibroblasts were also stained. Endothelial cells lining blood or lymphatic vessels were mostly positive with HBD-2 and were almost negative with HBD-1. The percentage of positively stained areas did not show any differences in the expression of HBD-1 and -2 in obese compared to normal weight subjects whether they were affected or not affected with periodontitis. The results of this study did not demonstrate an association between the expression of HBD-1 and -2 and obesity and periodontitis


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Obesity , Periodontitis , Immunohistochemistry , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides , Peptides , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2012; 33 (6): 671-675
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-150373

ABSTRACT

To study the prevalence of different gingival biotypes in a sample of patients and the association between gingival biotype and different dental malocclusions. Two hundred adult patients [100 males and 100 females] who presented for treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were recruited from February 2011 to February 2012. Gingival thickness was assessed for the maxillary central incisors using the transparency of periodontal probe technique. Angle's classification of malocclusion and smoking habit were also recorded. The mean age was 32.1 [ +/- 11.0] years. Thin gingival biotype was observed in 44.5% of the sample, of which 64% were females and 25% were males [p=0.001]. Only 31.4% of current smokers had thin gingival biotype compared to 51.9% of subjects who never smoked [p=0.011]. No significant association between dental malocclusions and the presence of thin gingival biotype was found [Class I = 42.9%, Class II = 44.1%, and Class III 53.9%, p=0.6]. A high prevalence of thin gingival biotype especially among females was observed. Smokers had thicker gingival biotype. No relationship was found between gingival biotypes and Angle's classification of malocclusion.

5.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2012; 33 (3): 309-314
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-151374

ABSTRACT

To investigate the effect of conventional periodontal therapy on serum C-reactive protein [CRP] level and periodontal status in obese and normal-weight chronic periodontitis patients. This is a controlled clinical trial conducted at the King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between December 2009 and March 2011. A total of 40 women affected with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selected [20 obese [test group] and 20 normal-weight [control]]. Smokers, pregnant women, and subjects with any systemic disease were excluded. Serum CRP level and periodontal parameters, including clinical attachment level, probing depth, bleeding on probing and plaque scores were assessed at baseline, and 2 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Periodontal therapy was effective in reducing gingival inflammation, as well as serum CRP level in the total sample and within each group. The pretreatment mean level of serum CRP was 0.78 [ +/- 0.51] and post- treatment was 0.55 [ +/- 0.41] mg/l in the total sample [p=0.001]. A tendency was observed toward a better systemic response to treatment in normalweight compared to obese women, however, it was not statistically significant [the mean changes in CRP levels after therapy were 0.28 [ +/- 0.43] and 0.19 [ +/- 0.32] mg/l]. Periodontal treatment is effective in reducing systemic inflammation as measured by serum CRP level, and obesity does not have a major negative impact on response to periodontal therapy

6.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2011; 32 (11): 1183-1188
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-114301

ABSTRACT

To compare photodynamic therapy [PDT] as an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis with scaling and root planing [Sc/Rp] in smokers. This is a split-mouth, single-masked randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between May 2010 and March 2011. Fifty-four teeth with probing depth of >/= 5mm at one or more periodontal sites in 20 smokers diagnosed with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selected. In each patient, at least one tooth was randomly assigned to Sc/Rp plus PDT [test group] and the contra-lateral tooth was assigned to Sc/Rp only [control]. Plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], recession and clinical attachment level [CAL] were recorded at baseline and 3 months after the periodontal treatment. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed ranked test were used for data analysis. There was a statistically significant improvement in PD, CAL, BOP, and PI after periodontal treatment in both groups. No statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in any of the periodontal parameters were found at baseline [p>0.05], but a statistically significant greater reduction in PD [p=0.028] and CAL [p=0.044] in the test compared to the control group was found at the 3-month follow up. Photodynamic therapy might have an additional benefit to scaling and root planing when treating smokers affected with periodontitis

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