Susac's syndrome in a 27-year-old female

A 27-year-old woman was referred by the neurologist for ophthalmic examination. She had a history of headache, visual loss in her right eye, four-limb paresthesia, and behavioral changes over the previous 10 months. The patient complained of tinnitus and hearing loss for two weeks. The patient was initially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, but auditory and retinal involvement [small branch retinal artery occlusion in fluorescein angiography] raised the possibility of Susac's syndrome

Bilateral idiopathic cystoid macular edema:report of four cases / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·We report clinical manifestations,angiographic,and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of four cases with bilateral idiopathic cystoid rnacular edema (CME).All were male with age between 30 and 52 years.All of them had compliant of bilateral visual loss during the last week.Fundus examination of their eyes showed macular edema in the posterior pole bilaterally. Fluorescein angiography revealed no specific finding in one of them and "typical petaloid pattern" in others.OCT showed subretinal fluid in all of them.All patients were managed with diagnosis of idiopathic CME,and after 6 weeks they had improved visual acuity.

Immunology of HCV and HBV in renal failure and transplantation

Viral hepatitis has a special relationship to renal diseases. Hepatitis B and C viruses [HBV and HCV] infections are more prevalent in renal failure patients than in general population, an important cause of morbidity and mortality of renal failure patients on chronic dialysis and after renal transplantation. The association is largely due to the frequent use of blood products in patients with end-stage kidney diseases and multiple invasive medical procedures to which these patients are exposed. The effects of renal failure on the general health and immune status of patients with renal diseases also make viral hepatitis more difficult to diagnose as well as to manage. Finally, there have been few studies of the natural history and therapy of viral hepatitis in renal failure patients, making conclusions difficult. This paper will review the prevalence, incidence, clinical features, and natural histories of HBV and HCV infections and suggest recommendations for management and therapy in renal failure patients and patients undergoing renal transplantation