ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Rheum ribes L. is a plant native to China, Iran, Turkey, India, and a few other countries. Antidiarrheal activity is considered to be one of its important properties according to various systems of traditional medicine. An increasing rate of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has led to treatment failure in some cases of shigellosis in children, and underlines a need for safe, efficient and valid options.</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of R. ribes syrup as a complementary medicine for treatment of shigellosis in children.</p><p><b>DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS</b>This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial started with a group of 150 children aged between 12-72 months with suspected Shigella dysentery. R. ribes syrup or placebo syrup was administered to the intervention and control groups, respectively for 5 days. In addition, the standard antibiotic treatment (ceftriaxone for the first 3 days and cefixime syrup for 2 further days) was administered to both groups.</p><p><b>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES</b>Body temperature, abdominal pain, need for antipyretics, defecation frequency, stool volume and consistency and microscopic stool examination were recorded as outcome measures. Any observed adverse effects were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean duration of fever and diarrhea in the R. ribes group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (P = 0.016 and 0.001, respectively). In addition, patients in the R. ribes group showed shorter duration of need for antipyretics and shorter duration of abdominal pain (P = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the microscopic stool analyses. Furthermore, no adverse effect was reported.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>R. ribes syrup can be recommended as a complementary treatment for children with Shigella dysentery.</p><p><b>TRIAL REGISTRATION</b>Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial: IRCT2014070518356N1.</p>
ABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a multifactorial, metabolic disorder. Characteristics are chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on visfatin, adiponectin, and anthropometric indices in PCOS women. The study was a randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. It was conducted on 84 women with polycystic ovary syndrome [26.92 +/- 5.05 years, BMI=31.69 Kg/m[2]] who referred to the fertility and infertility research center and Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd. After the examination, evaluation and paramedical assessment by obstetrician, they were recruited. They took 3 capsules of omega-3 [each one contained 180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA] or placebo [each contained 1 g paraffin] daily for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis was paired T-test and student T-test, and a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. After the intervention, visfatin concentration did not change in neither groups. But, at the end of the study, the mean of adiponectin concentration increased [p<0.001] in omega-3 group. Moreover, the mean of changes in this factor was significantly different between groups [p<0.005]. FSH did not change in two groups of the study. However, the mean of LH decreased about 1.74 mlU/ml in omega-3 group [p<0.005]. The mean of change of LH/FSH ratio between groups was significant [p<0.05]. After the intervention, prolactin did not meaningfully change in both groups. Our results showed that 8 weeks of supplementation of omega-3 may have some beneficial effects on PCOS biochemical characteristics such as LH, LH/FSH, and adiponectin
ABSTRACT
There is some evidence to suggest that a benefit might be derived from a program that incorporated both annual physical examination of the breast [BPx] and the teaching of breast selfexamination [BSE]. Current investigation presents the profile of a multicenter community based intervention for evaluating the effect of BSE+BPx on the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to breast cancer amongst women residing in urban areas of Yazd [Iran] from 2008 to 2018. There were three distinctive phases in this trial with 10 years duration: pilot phase with the duration of 1 year, active intervention phase with 4 rounds of annual screening of BPx+BSE and follow up phase with 5 years duration. Tools of enquiry included a pretested questionnaire, repeated annual physical examination of the breast and more importantly mammography, sonography, and fine needle aspiration [FNA]. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percent, mean [SD], tests of chi-square and student t-test with 95% confidence level. Comparison of socio-demographic and socio-economic factors such as age, age at marriage, family size, number of live births, occupation, education level, total family income and marital status showed that no significant difference was seen between the groups [P>0.05]. A response rate of 84.5% was seen by participants of the experiment group visiting the health centers for the first BPx. Our results showed that except for the education and marital status, the difference in other main demographic and socio-economic factors between the groups were not significant, and the response rate of individuals in the experiment group was at an acceptable level
ABSTRACT
Among the non-communicable diseases, diabetes mellitus has an important rank-ing and with annually increasing rate where it is expected the number of people suffering from the disease will reach to 300 million up to 2025 in all of world. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iran is 4-4.5% and in population aged above 30 years is greater than 14%. The present study is attempting to find out the prevalence rate of the disease and its risk factors in Yazd Province, central Iran. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2012. A total of 14993 subjects were randomly selected and enquired by a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descrip-tive statistics and appropriate statistical tests such as chi-square, and multiple logistic regres-sions. The prevalence rate of known diabetes and impaired fasting glucose was 16.3% and 11.9% respectively. Age, sex, family history of diabetes, high blood pressure, BMI, and history of gestational diabetes were significantly associated with diabetes disease [P=0.001]. The prevalence rate of diabetes is higher than other parts of the world and living in the city. Female gender, increasing age, high blood pressure, increased BMI and positive family history, are independent risk factor for diabetes, therefore performing prevention programs and controlling these high risk groups should be considered as a priority.
ABSTRACT
There is some evidence regarding the effect of poly unsaturated fatty acid intake on androgen levels and gonadal function in polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]. This study was conducted to determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on sex hormone-binding protein [SHBG], testosterone, free androgen index [FAI] and menstrual status in women with PCOS. This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 overweight/obese women with PCOS. Participants were randomized to receive omega-3 [3gr/day] or placebo for 8 weeks. Data about weight, height and nutrient intake as well as blood samples were collected before and after intervention. Serum concentrations of testosterone [nmol/L] and SHBG [nmol/L] were measured. FAI was also calculated as the ratio of testosterone to SHBG. Seventy eight patients [age: 26.92 +/- 5.46 yrs, Body Mass Index: 31.69 +/- 4.84 Kg/m[2]] completed the study. There was no significant difference in mean age, weight, height, Body Mass Index and intake of energy, and macronutrients between 2 study groups before and after treatment. All the participants had irregular periods. After the trial the percentage of regular menstruation in the omega-3 group was more than the placebo group [47.2% vs.22.9%, p=0.049]. Furthermore, testosterone concentration was significantly lower in the omega-3 group compared with placebo, after supplementation [p=0.04]. SHBG and FAI did not change in either group. Omega-3 supplementation could reduce serum concentrations of testosterone and regulate menstrual cycle without significant effect on SHBG and FAI. Future studies with longer period of supplementation are warranted
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Androgens , Menstruation , Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin , Testosterone , Double-Blind Method , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
Vitamin D is an essential hormone for growth and development of bones in children. There is a lot of evidence for deficiency of this vitamin in Middle East females. This study conduct to find a way to combat deficiency in girls during rapid growth phase of puberty in academic year. One hundred and two Middle School girls who had not consumed any vitamins supplement have been participated in this randomized clinical trial. They allocated randomly in two case groups who received 50, 000 or 100, 000 IU vitamin D3 in October and three months later in January or in control group who received vitamin E. At the end of winter blood samples for 25-hydroxyvitamin D were checked. The mean of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were 5.5 +/- 1.5 ng/ml, 15.2 +/- 6 ng/ml, 23.0 +/- 6.8 ng/ml in control, 50, 000 and 100, 000 IU vitamin D groups respectively [P<0.05]. Neither dosage of vitamin D could raise 25-hydroxyvitamin D above 20 ng/ml in all cases. However, none of the students in 100.000 IU of vitamin D3 had severe deficiency in winter. Headache, dizziness, and weakness were the most common complain after vitamin D consumption, but no difference between groups detected [P>0.05]. Urine calcium/creatinin ratio was equal in case and control groups [P>0.05]. 100, 000 IU of vitamin D3 every three months [equal to 800IU/day] can raise 25-hydroxyvitamin D above 12 ng/ml in all cases but for area with high prevalence of sever deficiency, dosage more than 100, 000 IU every three months or shorter interval recommended to achieve optimal level
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives , Hypercalciuria/blood , Vitamin D/blood , SchoolsABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the results and complications of strabismus surgery in Yazd, Iran.METHODS: A total of 200 patients with strabismus disorder who consecutively undertook eye surgery during 10 years were evaluated for outcomes and complications through a historical cohort strategy design. Follow-up period was 6 months. Data were collected and analyzed by appropriate statistical tests.RESULTS: Patients comprised 98 female and 102 male with a mean age of 15.31±11.7 years. Prevalence of exotropia and esotropia was 43.5% and 47.0% respectively. There is significant relationship between result and type of surgery but there isn't significant relationship between result of surgery and reason and date of strabismus beginning.CONCLUSION: Outcomes of surgery were favorable and longer follow-up is needed to evaluate late results and complications. Based on our results and individual experience revision of Rosenbaum Santiago tables, under-and over-correction are needed.