ABSTRACT
This study aimed to identify the indices/indicators used for evaluating the “creating supportive environments” mechanism of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, with a focus on built environments, in different settings. A search for literature with no time limit constraint was performed across Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases. Search terms included “Ottawa Charter,” “health promotion,” “supportive environments,” “built environments,” “index,” and “indicator.” we included the studies conducted on developing, identifying, and/or measuring health promotion indices/indicators associated with “built environments” in different settings. The review articles were excluded. Extracted data included the type of instrument used for measuring the index/indicator, the number of items, participants, settings, the purpose of indices/indicators, and a minimum of two associated examples of the indices domains/indicators. The key definitions and summarized information from studies are presented in tables. In total, 281 studies were included in the review, within which 36 indices/indicators associated with “built environment” were identified. The majority of the studies (77%) were performed in developed countries. Based on their application in different settings, the indices/indicators were categorized into seven groups: (1) Healthy Cities (n=5), (2) Healthy Municipalities and Communities (n=18), (3) Healthy Markets (n=3), (4) Healthy Villages (n=1), (5) Healthy Workplaces (n=4), (6) Health-Promoting Schools (n=3), and (7) Healthy Hospitals (n=3). Health promotion specialists, health policymakers, and social health researchers can use this collection of indices/indicators while designing/evaluating interventions to create supportive environments for health in various settings.
ABSTRACT
Background: The importance of consuming fruits and vegetables [F and V] in prevention of chronic diseases is known. Childhood play an important role in formation of healthy eating habits
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of education, with application of the theory of planned behavior, on improvement of F and V consumption
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 184 fourth, fifth, and sixth-grade students participated were enrolled from Jan 2013 to Jun 2014. The samples were selected from 6 schools in Chalderan County, West Azerbaijan, Iran through cluster random sampling method. Two out of 6 schools were randomly selected and each was employed in either experimental or control group. The data collection instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire and a 24-h F and V recall. Data were collected after verification of the reliability and validity of the questionnaire
Results: Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed between the intervention and control group regarding attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention and fruits and vegetables consumption [P>0.05]
However, after the educational intervention, the mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention variables and fruits and vegetables were significantly higher in the intervention group when compared to the control group [P<0.05]
Conclusions: Increased behavioral intention, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control can promote F and V consumption among the students
ABSTRACT
The values are the frameworks to legitimize human behaviors and to conceptualize socio-cultural phenomena. Normalizing human behavior values are formed through three main bases including cognitive, motivate, and arbitrary ones. Therefore, the normative values would shape through cognitive, motivate, and arbitrary foundations. Behavior formation and stabilization happen in the process of socialization. The socialization is the complex learning process based on reciprocal interactions through which individual behavior is moderated so as to meet the group expectations. In other words, the socialization changes the behavior values to normative behavior. Thus, the health behaviors values can be normalized through socialization.
ABSTRACT
Urinary infection is one of the most frequent difficulties in women and because of the changes in the body, pregnant women are more susceptible. This study aims to determine the effect of health education based on health belief model on behavioral promotion of urinary infection prevention in pregnant women. In this experimental study, 110 pregnant women referred to the health centers in Behbahan city were chosen. They were divided randomly into case and control groups. The data were collected through a questionnaire. After the initial tests, the results were analyzed with Chi-square, t-student and correlation tests. Then, educational contents were designed and executed. One month later, the post test was conducted and data were analyzed with the use of SPSS-16. The pregnant women's age average was 25. Among the pregnant women who were employed or housekeepers, there was a meaningful difference considering knowledge [P=0.02]. Also, among the average of awareness points of pregnant women, there is a meaningful difference [P=0.001]. The average regarding scores for knowledge and other components of health belief model before and after intervention, there has been a meaningful difference [P=0.00]. The scores for knowledge and other components of health belief model in experimental group after intervention compared to control group significantly increased. This study indicated that health education program designed for advancement in prevention behaviors from urinary infection has been effective. Therefore, this model can be used as a framework for designing and executing educational intervention for prevention of urinary infection.
ABSTRACT
According to WHO estimation, physical inactivity causes around 1.9 million deaths in the world annually. Also, regarding the importance of physical activity in chronic disease prevention, we decided to assess the effect of education on the physical activities knowledge, attitude and behavior of Kerman Health Canter's staff. This is a semi experimental study in Kerman Health Canter's staff province. 78 staff was chosen randomly. The educational intervention lasted 6 weeks employing a researcher-made questionnaire, the data were analyzed before and 6 weeks after the intervention by SPSS-16. The findings revealed that after educational intervention there was a significant increase in the mean knowledge [P<0.001] and attitude scales [P=0.02], but there was not found any significant effect on behavior [P=0.13]. Although our findings revealed the effect of educational intervention on knowledge and attitudes physical activity, the education of physical activity had no effect on the behavior of the participants.
ABSTRACT
Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis among injecting drug users who use shared needle is greater than those drug users that generally prefer not to use each other's needles. The aim of this study was to explain the cause of utilization of shared needle among injecting drug users of Ahwaz city in 2010. This article was part of a qualitative study which has been performed by the content analysis method and sampling-based target on the injecting drug users of Ahwaz. The data were collected with semi-structured individual depth interviews and analyzed by the constant comparative method of analysis. A total of 39 semi-structured interviews were done with drug injectors. Informed consents were obtained from all of the participants. Participants were asked about the cause of utilization of shared needle, history of imprisonment and disease. After the first interview, continuous analysis of data was implemented and continued until data saturation. After analysis and coding of data the cause of utilization of shared needle for injection among participants were: inaccessibility and limitations for preparing syringe, lack of subjects' awareness of the dangers of shared needle, hopelessness and tending to die through shared needle, self-deception and self-justification. Considering the increasing number of injection drug users and the risk of diseases transmitted through shared needle as well as to control addiction and transmission of blood-borne diseases such as HIV in country it is essential to improve harm reduction programs, provide sterile syringes and injection equipment as well as train injecting drug users and help them to quit addiction
ABSTRACT
Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. These abnormal cells can invade nearby tissues or travel to distant sites by entering the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Incidence rate of cancer during the last 50 years has increased constantly. Nutrition, physical activity and hope are important factors in cancer. However, patients do not have correct knowledge and proper attitude regarding these important factors. The aim of this study is performance assessment of basnef model in health promotion for pations with cancer in Sanandaj city. This study is a randomized controlled trial. Knowledge and attitude questionnaires in basnef model and HHI questionnaire was completed before and after intervention in two case and control groups [n: 50] and knowledge and attitude questionnaire in patients family in two case and control groups [n: 50].The educational and promotional intervention for patients and their families in case groups as a face to face method and individually with PBL method was accomplished. Data was analyzed by use of spss and Chi -square tests and covariance analysis. The mean score for knowledge in case group patients was significantly more than controls group [P