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Purpose@#The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between bone density measurements obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and morphometric parameters of bone determined by histomorphometric analysis. @*Materials and Methods@#In this in vivo study, 30 samples from the maxillary bones of 7 sheep were acquired using a trephine. The bone samples were returned to their original sites, and the sheep heads were imaged using CBCT. On the CBCT images, gray values were calculated. In the histomorphometric analysis, the total bone volume, the trabecular bone volume (referred to simply as bone volume), and the trabecular thickness were assessed. @*Results@#Statistical testing showed significant correlations between CBCT gray values and total bone volume (r=0.537, P=0.002), bone volume (r=0.672, P<0.001), and trabecular thickness (r=0.692, P<0.001), as determined via the histomorphometric analysis. @*Conclusion@#The results indicate a significant and acceptable association between CBCT gray values and bone volume, suggesting that CBCT may be used in bone densitometry.
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Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of West Nile virus seropositivity in the general population of Mashhad, Northeast of Iran. Methods: One hundred and eighty two individuals living in the city of Mashhad were studied using cluster sampling method. Both IgM and IgG antibodies against WNV were detected by ELISA method. Results: In this study, the overall IgG seroprevalence of positive West Nile virus was 11%; however, IgM antibody was not found in the participants. Conclusions: Our study suggested that the prevalence rate of West virus is considerable in Mashhad city. It seems necessary for clinicians and health care workers to be aware of WNV infection in the Northeast Iran.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the prevalence of West Nile virus seropositivity in the general population of Mashhad, Northeast of Iran.@*METHODS@#One hundred and eighty two individuals living in the city of Mashhad were studied using cluster sampling method. Both IgM and IgG antibodies against WNV were detected by ELISA method.@*RESULTS@#In this study, the overall IgG seroprevalence of positive West Nile virus was 11%; however, IgM antibody was not found in the participants.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our study suggested that the prevalence rate of West virus is considerable in Mashhad city. It seems necessary for clinicians and health care workers to be aware of WNV infection in the Northeast Iran.
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Introduction: Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma [SCC] is one of the most common malignancies in Iran. To reduce the incidence of esophageal SCC, it is important to recognize the controllable risk factors and prevent them. Celiac disease is widely known as a possible risk factor for esophageal SCC. Thus, we decided to assess the frequency of celiac disease in esophageal SCC patients in North east of Iran in order to suggest correlation between two diseases
Materials and Methods: In a Cross-sectional study one hundred and fortythree cases of esophageal SCC were examined for anti tissue transglutaminase antibody [anti-tTG] between the years 2004 and 2009 in Ghaem and Omid Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was the test of choice in this study since it provides the sensitivity and specificity needed for the diagnosis and screening of celiac disease. The results of this test were compared with those of the control group which were compatible in terms of sex and age. Data were analyzed through SPSS software and statistical analysis such as x2, exact x2 and T-test
Results: 19.6% patients [SCC] had positive anti-tTG [>20] which was significantly different to 7.9% in control group [p -value=0.005]. Comparing age groups of patients for positive anti_tTG using exact x square test showed significant difference in patients with <40 years old [P value=0.005]
Conclusion: There seems to be a correlation between positive anti_tTG and esophageal SCC; that is to say, celiac disease might play a role in the earlier manifestations of esophageal SCC
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Statement of the Problem: During the orthodontic treatment, microbial plaques may accumulate around the brackets and cause caries, especially in high-risk patients. Finding ways to eliminate this microbial plaque seems to be essential
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effects of nano copper oxide [CuO] and nano zinc oxide [ZnO] coated brackets against Streptococcus mutans [S.mutans] in order to decrease the risk of caries around the orthodontic brackets during the treatment
Materials and Method: Sixty brackets were coated with nanoparticles of ZnO [n=20], CuO [n=20] and CuO-ZnO [n=20]. Twelve uncoated brackets constituted the control group. The brackets were bonded to the crowns of extracted premolars, sterilized and prepared for antimicrobial tests [S.mutans ATCC35668]. The samples taken after 0, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours were cultured on agar plates. Colonies were counted 24 hours after incubation. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for statistical Analysis
Results: In CuO and CuO-ZnO coated brackets, no colony growth was seen after two hours. Between 0-6 hours, the mean colony counts were not significantly different between the ZnO and the control group [p>0.05]. During 6-24 hours, the growth of S.mutans was significantly reduced by ZnO nanoparticles in comparison with the control group [p< 0.001]. However, these bacteria were not totally eliminated
Conclusion: CuO and ZnO-CuO nanoparticles coated brackets have better antimicrobial effect on S.mutans than ZnO coated brackets
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Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of West Nile virus seropositivity in the general population of Mashhad, Northeast of Iran.Methods:One hundred and eighty two individuals living in the city of Mashhad were studied using cluster sampling method. Both IgM and IgG antibodies against WNV were detected by ELISA method.Results:In this study, the overall IgG seroprevalence of positive West Nile virus was 11%; however, IgM antibody was not found in the participants.Conclusions:Our study suggested that the prevalence rate of West virus is considerable in Mashhad city. It seems necessary for clinicians and health care workers to be aware of WNV infection in the Northeast Iran.
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In recent years the metabolic syndrome has been highly common among psychiatric patients. Since many factors including genetic factors contribute to the prevalence of this syndrome, it seems necessary to look for metabolic syndrome among Iranian psychiatric patients. This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 female patients admitted to psychiatric ward of Mashhad 22 Bahman hospital since March 2009 until December 2009 to find whether they had metabolic syndrome. Questionnaires were completed for patients. Pregnant women and those who had had a delivery during the last 6 months were excluded. Data were analyzed through statistical tests such as t-test and chi square and SPSS software 17. P-value less than 0.05 was regarded as meaningful result. In this study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was, according to criteria of NCEP [ATP III], 39.8%, which is deemed as significantly more than expectable range for healthy Iranian population. Older age, higher waist circumference, BMI and weight, persistence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, low educational level and marriage status were proven to be associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome [p-value <0.05]. There were no meaningful relation between metabolic syndrome, duration of administration and type of drugs, and mental disorder. [p-value>0.05]. In the present study, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was examined. And it was proved that the rate of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is more than what is typically found in similar studies among Iranian psychiatric population. No relationship was detected between metabolic syndrome and any specific drug, however, more extensive studies are suggested
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Humans , Female , Hospitalization , Length of Stay , Psychiatric Department, Hospital , Antipsychotic Agents , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
Currenthy different pharmaceutical, mechanical, and surgical, techniques are used for cervical ripening. Castor oil, one of the herbal preparations is also widely used for this purpose but few studies have been reported on its efficacy and safety. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of castor oil on cervical ripening. This research is a randomized control clinical trial and the study population were all term pregnant women admitted to selected health clinics in Mashad, Iran in 2003 [1382]. The study involved 47 pregnant women with gestational age of 40 to 42 weeks, without regular uterine contractions, with Bishop score of 4 or less, and with no clinical or obstetric complications. The subjects were first selected purposively and then assigned into two control and experimental groups by random allocation. The experimental group received 60 cc castor oil while the control group received no intervention. Both groups were followed up for 24 hours for cervical ripening. For data collection, checklists were used for interviews, observation, examination, and fetal movements were recorded. Data analysis was done using chi-quare, Fisher, s test and independent t-test. At the outset, no significant difference was observed in the two groups Bishop score but a significam increase was obserued in the Bishop score of the expenimental group. A significamt increase was seen in the labor initiation ratio of the experimental group but no significant differnces were obserued between the two groups in their mean Apgar scores and delivery method. According to the finding, the application of 60 cc castor oil can assist cervical ripening