Multi-drug resistant uropathogenic isolates of proteus at Assiut university hospitals

Background: proteus bacilli are more commonly associated with UTIs in those individuals with structural or functional abnormalities, especially ascending infections in patients undergoing urinary catheterization

Aim of the study: to estimate the frequency of proteus infection in patients with I urinary tract infections, detection of sensitivity profile to antibiotics and detection of ESBL

Material and methods: one hundred and fifty five patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection were recruited and urine sample from each patient was collected as well as demographic data and associated I risk factors were recorded. Urine culture, antimicrobial susceptibility test, screening and confirmatory tests for detection of ESBL were done

Results and conclusion: the mean age +/- SD was 45 +/- 17 years, 139 were males and 16 were females. Sixty eight patients were catheterized and 87 patients were non-catheterized. E coli was the highest bacterial organism [35%] detected by urine culture among catheterized patients, while Kpneumoniae was the highest among non-catheterized patients. There was a significantly higher percent of proteus among non-catheterized patients than catheterized patients. Proteus alone or proteus with other bacterial infection was detected in 14.8% in catheterized versus 6.1% in non-catheterized patients. Only 13 cases out of 155 cases [8.4%] had positive culture for proteus organism. All are males and most of them were catheterized and had benign enlarged prostate [8 cases; 61%]. Out of 13 Proteus isolates, nine Proteus isolates showed reduced susceptibility to the Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, and Cefuroxime and gave the same zone diameter range as adapted by CLSI [2014] document M100 S24 and nine considered potential ESBL producers

Aminoglycoside ototoxicity and antioxidant protection

Sensory hair cells are mechanotransducers of the inner ear that are essential for hearing. The normal function and integrity of hair cells may be altered by endogenous factors such as liberation of free radicals during normal cellular functions or environmental factors as ototoxic drugs. Aminoglycosides are commonly used antibiotics combination with high efficacy and low cost, they are the antibiotics of choice in developing countries. Although highly efficacious, their use is limited due to their severe toxicity to the inner ear. It is well established that reactive oxygen species are generated in hair cells exposed to aminoglycoside. So, enhancing antioxidant levels promotes hair cell survival while preserving function. Thirty healthy adult guinea pigs used in this study were divided into three groups, control, and tow experimental groups. Group [A] animals received antioxidant treatment one week prior to and concomitant with one week of gentamicine treatment. Group [B] animals received gentamicine by intramuscular injection for one week and control group received oral and intramuscular saline instead of drugs. A joined formula of dietary antioxidants was used. Mitochondrial activity was used as an index for cellular vitality and activity in organ of Corti cells. There was a highly significant [p<0.0001] mitochondrial activity in organ of Corti cells with group A animals. On the other hand mitochondria1 activity was significantly lower in organ of Corti cells of group B animals [p> 0.05] compared to group A and control group. In conclusion the results of this study suggest that, the introduction of free radical scavengers might help to ameliorate and protect against aminoglycoside ototoxicity, as free radicals play an important role in gentamicine ototoxicity

ultrastructural study of microgametogenesis of Eimeria scinc phisalix 1923 [apicomplexa: eimeriidae] infecting the sandfish lizard, scincus mitranus anderson 1871 in Saudi Arabia

The ultrastructure of microgametogenesis of Eimeria scinci Phisalix 1923 was described for the first time in the gall bladder epithelium of experimentally infected sandfish lizard, Scincus mitranus Anderson 1871 from Al-Baha region in Saudi Arabia. Recorded sequence of events started as sexually differentiated second generation merozoites transformed into microgamonts, where most of the apicomplexan organelles disappeared gradually. Microgamonts were recognizable by the presence of peripherally arranged nuclei and the presence of one or two centrioles between each nucleus and the limiting membrane of the gamont. Early microgamonts were surrounded by very narrow parasitophorous vacuoles, which is widened during development and contained a few intravacuolar folds and tubules. Differentiation of microgametes began by elevations of the limiting membrane appeared above the centrioles and the segregation of nuclear content into a dense osmiophilic portion and an electron-pale one. A gradual protrusion of the dense portion of the nucleus and the developing flagella into the parasitophorous vacuole had proceeded. Fully developed microgametes become detached and occupied the parasitophorous vacuole along with the residual body of the mother microgamont. Each microgamete had at least two flagella. The [9x2+2] pattern of flagella was detected in transverse sections