ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of abnormal laboratory and physical findings, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, proinflammatory state, and prothrombotic state that results in a patient having significantly higher risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality. There are slight differences between institutions in defining metabolic syndrome across the world. To achieve adequate management and treatment and decrease the risk of subsequent diseases, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
Aim: In this review, we aimed to study the pathophysiology behind the development of metabolic syndrome, and also to explore the approach to its management
Materials and Methods: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: metabolic syndrome, pro-thrombotic state, pro-inflammatory state, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular mortality
Results: The major aspects of treatment include weight reduction by diet, medication, as well as bariatric surgery [in some cases], and managing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with diet and medication
Conclusion: The most important intervention in managing patients with metabolic syndrome is lifestyle modification with improved diet and exercise. To achieve adequate treatment and decrease the risk of adverse outcomes, proper identification of symptomatic patients with metabolic syndrome is necessary
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. Glycogen storage diseases [GSD] most commonly affect muscles, liver, or both and occur in each 20000 to 43000 live birth. They are classified into 12 subtypes, but types I, II, and IX are the most common
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, from January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: glycogen storage diseases, Von Gierke disease, Pompe's disease, Cori Disease, Forbes disease, Andersen's disease, McArdle disease, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hepatomegaly
Aim: In this review, we aim to study the genetic basis, diagnosis, presentation, and different management approach to various common types of glycogen storage diseases prevalent in pediatric population
Conclusion: There are no cures for any type of glycogen storage diseases presently. Most treatments are designed to control signs and symptoms. The overall goals are primarily avoiding hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Liver transplantation should be deliberated for patients with GSD type IV and for other progressive hepatic types of GSDs in order to avoid hepatic failure or malignancy. More research must be carried out to develop newer and more effective ways of management
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The pathway of glycogen metabolism is regulated by many hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. Glycogen storage diseases [GSD] most commonly affect muscles, liver, or both and occur in each 20000 to 43000 live birth. They are classified into 12 subtypes, but types I, II, and IX are the most common
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, from January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: glycogen storage diseases, Von Gierke disease, Pompe's disease, Cori Disease, Forbes disease, Andersen's disease, McArdle disease, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hepatomegaly
Aim: In this review, we aim to study the genetic basis, diagnosis, presentation, and different management approach to various common types of glycogen storage diseases prevalent in pediatric population
Conclusion: There are no cures for any type of glycogen storage diseases presently. Most treatments are designed to control signs and symptoms. The overall goals are primarily avoiding hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Liver transplantation should be deliberated for patients with GSD type IV and for other progressive hepatic types of GSDs in order to avoid hepatic failure or malignancy. More research must be carried out to develop newer and more effective ways of management