Role of electroencephalogram in diagnosis of attention deficit hyper activity disorder

Introduction: Attention deficit hyper activity disorder (ADHD), is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood, which is characterized by the presence of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity, EEG is the substrate of brain activity underlying cognition and behavior.Objective: To detect the abnormalities in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with ADHD also to find the relation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and results of EEG. Method: sixty patients of ADHD and 60 age and sex matched control were evaluated with EEG to detect abnormal waves. Results: Patients with ADHD show abnormal EEG results in the form of background slowing in3 patients (5%) and epileptiform discharge in 19 patients (32%) frontal slowing in 13 patients(22%) normal EEG in 25 patients (42%).Conclusion: There is increased low frequency activity and decreased high frequency activity in children with ADHD, this may aid as an indicator in the diagnosis of ADHD

Comparison between upper mini sternotomy and full sternotomy in aortic valve replacement

Background: aortic valve disease is common and its prevalence increases with age. For people over the age of 75 years, the prevalence of aortic stenosis [AS] is 5%. More than one in eight people over the age of 75 have moderate or severe valve disease

Aim of the Work: the aim of this study was to compare the short term results of aortic valve replacement through upper mini sternotomy and full sternotomy

Patients and Methods: This study was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. The study was conducted at Suez Canal University Hospital in the cardiothoracic operating rooms and inward after approval of Research and Ethics Committees. The study included 50 patients having aortic valve disease presented to Suez Canal University Hospital, cardiothoracic outpatient clinic for isolated aortic valve replacement

Results: The mean age of patients in Full Sternotomy in Aortic Valve Replacement [FSAVR] group was 33.48 +/- 17.74 while it was 32.03 +/- 15.29 in Mini Sternotomy in Aortic Valve Replacement [MSAVR] group which showed insignificance difference [p > 0.05]. [20- 29y] was the most frequent age group in both study groups [28% in FSAVR group and 32% in MSAVR group]. No significance different found [p > 0.05] according to gender in both group. Male gender was the most frequent in both group [56% in FSAVR group and 64% in MSAVR group]

Conclusion: Mini Sternotomy [MS] can be considered as excellent option with favorable outcomes that should be considered part of the routine practice of cardiac surgeons in the modern era

Cytotoxic activity and phytochemical analysis of Arum palaestinum Boiss

Objective:To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss. (A. palaestinum) (black calla lily), and to identify the volatile components which may be responsible for the potential antitumor activity. Methods: A. palaestinum was collected from its natural habitats and subjected to phytochemical analysis for separation of pure compounds. In vitro cytotoxic activity was investigated against four human carcinoma cell lines Hep2, HeLa, HepG2 and MCF7 for the fractionated extract and isolated compounds. While, the diethyl ether fraction was subjected to GC–MS analysis as it exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect to evaluate the active constituents responsible for the cytotoxic activities. Results:Four flavonoid compounds were isolated (luteolin, chrysoeriol, isoorientin, isovitexin) from the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The extracts and the pure isolated compounds showed a significant high antiproliferative activity against all investigated cell lines. The GC–MS analysis revealed the separation and identification of 15 compounds representing 95.01%of the extract and belonging to different groups of chemical compounds. Conclusions:The present study is considered to be the first report on the cytotoxic activities carried out on different selected fractions and pure compounds of A. palaestinum to provide evidences for its strong antitumor activities. In addition, chrysoeriol and isovitexin compounds were isolated for the first time from the studied taxa.

Omega-3 fatty acids and child health

Omega-3 fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids. They are necessary for human health. They can't be synthesized within the body and must be ingested from dietary sources. These lipids are known to be involved in oxygen transport, energy storage, cell membrane integrity, intracellular communication, control of inflammation, cell proliferation, blood coagulation, maintenance of normal growth and development and preventing cardiovascular disease. Fatty acids are hydrocarbon chain with carboxyl group at one end and methyl group at the other. They can be divided on biochemical bases in to two categories based on chemical properties, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid [MSFAs]. The class of USFAs can be divided to monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUSFAs]. The class of PUSFAs is subdivided into omega-3 series and omega-6 fatty acid series. Both families of fatty acids provide necessary substrate for the production of various hormone-like substances called eicosanoids including prostaglandin, leukotrienes and thromboxane which regulate many physiological processes

Management of persistent diarrhea

PD was defined by the World Health Organization [WHO] as "diarrheal episodes of presumed infectious etiology that begin acutely, but have an unusually long duration lasting at least 14 days leading to a deterioration in nutritional status and a substantial risk of death. The establishment of a 14-day cutoff value to distinguish acute from persistent diarrhea was justified by the fact that mortality rates were found to be roughly 0.8% when the diarrheal episode lasted 14 days or fewer, only to climb to 14% when duration of the episode exceeded 14 days, which led to the characterization of PD as a potentially lethal condition. The factors associated with increased risk of PD are environment-related, such as poor hygiene, contact with animals, and fecal-oral spread of enteric pathogens. Furthermore, there are other host-related*indicators, including young age, lack of breast feeding, immune deficiency, a prior history of gastrointestinal and respiratory infection