Comparison between PCR– based Single Tube Genotyping of Sickle Cell Disease and Alkaline Haemoglobin Electrophoresis.

Background: Sickling test and haemoglobin solubility test are screening techniques used to detect the presence of haemoglobin S, but can't identify exact phenotype or genotype. Haemoglobin electrophoresis can determine the phenotype of sickle cell disease but it cannot be performed on infants aged less than 6 months because of the presence of hemoglobin F as the predominant hemoglobin before this age and thus it is not suitable for prenatal and neonatal screening. This study aimed to compare PCR-based single tube genotyping of sickle cell disease with routine alkaline haemoglobin electrophoresis. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional-analytic study conducted at Khartoum state, Sudan in the period from November 2014 to March 2015. The total number of study subjects was 70, 35 of them with sickle cell anaemia (Hb S/S), 15 sickle cell trait (Hb A/S), and 20 healthy volunteers (Hb A/A). Blood samples were collected in EDTA blood tubes and genomic DNA was extracted from leucocytes by salting out method. Allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping of all samples. Alkaline haemoglobin electrophoresis was also performed on all subjects to confirm the phenotypes and the findings were compared with genotyping results. Results: Using alkaline Hb electrophoresis, 33(94.3%) out of 35 patients with provisional diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia were found to be S/S and 2(5.7%) were A/S; using PCR all the 35 patients were found to be S/S; the two patients who their phenotype was A/S while by PCR their genotype was S/S were found to have a history of recent allogenic blood transfusion. The results of Hb electrophoresis and PCR were in full agreement for both sickle cell trait individuals (A/S), and the healthy controls (A/A). Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy of PCR based single tube genotyping of SCD is superior to routine alkaline haemoglobin electrophoresis particularly in situations of recent allogeneic blood transfusion and prenatal and neonatal screening.

prophylactic role of garlic and vitamin e in hepatotoxicity induced by isoniazid and rifampicin in albino rats

Administration of Isoniazid [INH] and Rifampicin [RIF] the most common medication prescribed against tuberculosis, produces many metabolic and morphological aberrations in liver due to the fact thai liver is the main detoxifying site for these antitubercular drugs. This work was done to study the hepatoprotective effect of garlic and vitamin [vit] E aginst hepatotoxic effect of INH, and RIF. The expriemental work was done in Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University in a period of April to June 2011. One hundred and sixty adult male albino rats weighting 150-200 grams were divided into seven groups, one control and the other six for the drugs. Control group is subdivided into four subgroups [la, Ib, Ic, Id]. Group II ingested Garlic oil, group III ingested vitamine E, group IV ingested INH+ RIF, group V ingested INH+ RIF+ Garlic oil, group VI ingested INH+ RIF+ vit E, and finally group VII ingested INH+ RIF+ Garlic oiH vit E. The ingestion was done through orogastric tube. After four weeks biochemical studies [ALT, AST, and Total Bilirubin] were done for all rats in all groups, then the rats were sacrified and histopathological studies were done for their livers. Biochemical analysis revealed significant increased in AST, ALT, and Total Bilirubin in the group IV, V, VI and VII in comparison with control groups, and revealed significant decrease in the group V, VI, and VII in comparison with group IV. Histopathological examination of the group IV revealed necro-inflammatory foci with infilteration of the hepatic lobules with inflammatory cells and inflammation in the portal tract. Histopathological examination of the liver section of group V, VI, and VII showed mild necrosis and inflammation in hepatic lobules, and showed mild inflammation in the portal tract. We concluded that the liver is highly affected by ingestion of INH and RIF. But ingestion of garlic and /or vit E which is naturally occurring antioxidants can decrease this harmful effect of these two drugs on the liver

Comparison between medical and surgical evacuation in early fetal demise

The aim of the study was to compare the results of medical and surgical evacuation in early fetal demise as regards efficacy and complications. The results insure that medical evacuation is an effective alternative option to surgical evacuation. A controlled prospective clinical trial. Medical evacuation is an option which may be safer than surgical evacuation especially in missed abortion or when evacuation was done by inexperienced doctor