Association of Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Oral Health With Early Childhood Caries Among Preschool Children: A Systematic Review

@#Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Given that children mainly depend on their parents for their day-to-day activities, it is important to investigate the extent of parental influence on the oral health of their children. The objective of this study is to review the association of parental knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral health with ECC among preschool children. PubMed, Medline, and Google scholar were used to search for related articles published within the past 10 years. All of the studies that investigated parental oral health practice have shown association with the development of dental caries. However, there were discrepancies in the outcome of studies that examined the association of parental knowledge and attitude with ECC. More investigations on parental knowledge and attitude are needed to clarify their association with ECC.

critical review on the relation and impact of bruxism and prosthetic treatment

Background: Bruxism is defined as the medical term for clenching and grinding of teeth. It?s one of the most common parafunctional habit, occurring both during sleep "Eccentric Bruxism" and wakefulness "Centric Bruxism". Bruxism can result in tooth wear and damage, jaw disorders, headaches and dental restoration damage. Bruxism is usually a subconscious reflex that is often not recognized by the patient. As a consequence, one of the most difficult aspects of this treatable problem is convincing the patient of this disorder. The early diagnosis and management can prevent the breakdown of the dentition and pain in the orofacial region. Although various treatment modalities are present, the successful management of bruxism lies in the precise diagnosis and isolation of the etiology

Aim of the Study: raw conclusions about the existence of a possible relationship between the two, and its clinical relevance

Study selection: dental literature in bibliographic database like PubMed/Medline was searched for the terms "bruxism? and "prosthetic treatment?, relevant studies were critically reviewed were conducted using, as well as combinations of these and related terms

Results: there is no known treatment to stop bruxism, including prosthetic treatment. The role of bruxism is considered as a major cause in the tooth wear process and as informed by the present critical review, the relationship between bruxism and prosthetic treatment is one that relates mainly to the effect of the former on the latter

Conclusion: Bruxism may be included among the risk factors, and is associated with increased mechanical and/or technical complications in prosthodontic rehabilitation, although it seems not to affect implant survival. When prosthetic intervention is indicated in a patient with bruxism, efforts should be made to reduce the effects of likely heavy occlusal loading on all the components that contribute to prosthetic structural integrity. Failure to do so may indicate earlier failure than is the norm

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: an interesting cause of intractable headache

Intracranial hypotension [ICH] is a benign syndrome which is often under-diagnosed. It is characterized by orthostatic headache which is predominantly occipital. ICH is diagnosed in the presence of a typical history and characteristic imaging findings. Further confirmation by Lumbar Puncture to document low CSF pressure is necessary in some cases. Treatment is mainly conservative. However, surgical intervention might be required if conservative measures fail. In this report we present a case of 42 year old male patient who presented with symptoms of orthostatic occipital headache of three months duration and was subsequently diagnosed with Intracranial Hypotension based of characteristic MRI findings

Anton Babinski syndome - A rare complication of cortical blindness

In this case report, we present a rare complication of cortical blindness which is Anton Babinski syndrome. Patients with this syndrome usually disaffirm their blindness and confabulate to fill in missing visual information. The commonest etiology of cortical blindness is posterior cerebral artery infarction but in this particular report we present a case of hypertensive patient with Anton Babinski syndrome who developed bilateral cerebral hematoma confined to parieto-occiput area

Empty sella syndrome

An Empty Sella occurs due to herniation of the arachnoid throughan incompetent diaphragma sellae. Over time, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] pulsations may enlarge the sella and compress the gland against the floor of the sella. Empty Sella Syndrome is a considered a less common entity and is usually asymptomatic and an incidental finding. However, it can be a manifestation of increased intracranial pressure and can be occasionally severe. Compression of the pituitary gland may affect function, or traction on the optic chiasm and nerves may cause visual symptoms. An empty sella may be classified as primary when this occurs in persons who have not received pituitary radiation or pituitary surgery, while an empty sella discovered following such procedures is classified as secondary empty sella. We had a 41 year old patient who came to us with symptoms of headache and left sided hemi-sensory disturbance. An evaluation revealed multiple comorbid illnesses with MRI showing features of Empty Sella

Partial lobar collapse of lung in young adult: a case report

Atelectasis describes loss of lung volume due to collapse of lung tissue. It can be classified according to pathophysiologic mechanism [e.g. -Obstructive and Non obstructive], amount of lung involved [e.g.-lobar, segmental and subsegmental] or location [i.e. specific lobe or segment location]. Obstructive atelectasis [i.e. resorptive] is a consequence of blockage of an air-way[1]. We hereby present a young man who came to outpatient clinic with history of chest pain and dyspnea. He was subsequently found to have partial collapse of left upper lobe of lung. Bronchoscopy showed mucus plug closing anterior and posterior segment of left upper lobe. The patient responded significantly following removal of mucus plug both clinically and radiologically

Lead poisoning due to herbal remedies for infertility: a case report

Lead poisoning remains a major public health problem due to lack of awareness of its ill effects among the clinical community. The non-availability of information on lead levels at primary health centers results in many lead poisoning cases being treated symptomatically, without the diagnosis being sought. We report a case that presented with abdominal pain and vomiting which eventually turned out to be due to lead poisoning secondary to herbal medicine taken as treatment for infertility

Tuberculosis presenting as endobronchial tumor

Endobronchial tuberculosis TB can be present in various forms including ulceration, hyperemia and granulation tissue and rarely as mass lesion. We present a case of TB presenting as endobronchial tumor mimicking lung cancer on bronchoscopic examination. The histology of the tumor showed caseating granuloma and bronchial lavage culture was positive for mycobacterium TB. The patient improved after anti TB treatment. Endobronchial TB is usually a complication of primary pulmonary TB mostly occurring in children but can occur in adults. The most common form of endobronchial TB is mucosal hyperemia and erosions leading to ulceration and granulation tissue. Cough is the most common symptom and the most serious complication is bronchial stenosis. Several treatment modalities have been tried to decrease the incidence of bronchial stenosis including isoniazid inhalation and systemic steroids but results are not convincing. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent this debilitating complication

possible cytoprotective role of L-arginine and misoprostol in some radiocontrast media induced toxicity

Despite recent medical progress in supportive medical therapy, the frequency of hospital aquired acute renal failure has increased in recent years.Of the multiple etiologies which can cause such renal impairment, radiocontrast media are recorded to be the third common cause of hospital aquired acute renal failure.In attempts to minimize the radiocontrast induced nephrotoxicity, L-arginine and misoprostol were used as cytoprotective agents against such toxicity. This study was conducted on 180 adult male albino rats. They were classified into: negative control group I distilled water group II, gum acacia group III, L-arginine group IV, misoprostol groupV, diatrizoate group VI, iopromide group VII, L-arginine and diatrizoate group VIII, misoprostol and diatrizoate group IX, L-arginine and iopromide group X, misoprostol and i opromid group Xl, gentamicin group XII, gentamicin and diatnzoate group XIII, gentamicin and iopromide grou XIV, gentamicin, L-arginine and diatrizoate group XV, gentamicin, misoprostol and diatrizoate group XVl, gentamicin, L-arginine and iopromide group XVll. The last group was gentamicin, misoprostol and iopromide group XVIII. At the end of the experimental period the animals were sacrificed, BUN and serum creatinine and urinary beta2 microglobulin and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT] analyses as well as histopathological examination of the kidney sections were carried out. The results revealed that in groups VI and VII there was significant increase in BUN, serum creatinine, urinary beta2 microglobulin and GGT with degeneradive changes in the proximal convoluted tubules in comparison with group I. These changes were more observed in group VI than in group VII.While in group XIII, there was marked increase in BUN and serum creatinine with aggravation in the renal histopathological changes in comparison with group XII. Moreover misoprostol appeared more effective than L-arginine in nephroprotection when it was given five days before the radiocontrast media either in groups with health kidney [VIII, IX, X and XI] or groups with compromized kidney [XV, XVI, XVII and XIII]

Effect of obstructive disease in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Extensive research has been devoted to cystic fibrosis-related brochiectasis, compared with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis but the latter is more common and results in significant morbidity and mortality. We assessed the relationship between pulmonary function test [PFT] findings and sputum bacteriology, blood gases, number of hospital admissions and mortality in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bonchiectasis [NCFB]. We conducted a retrospective review of 88 consecutive patients admitted with exacerbation of bronchiectasis over 5 years from 1996 to 2001. Demographic and clinical data collected included gender, age, pulmonary functions, arterial blood gases, sputum bacteriology during stable and exacerbation periods, and number of hospital admissions due to exacerbation of bronchiectasis. A comparison was made between patients having obstructive airway disease [OAD group] and patients with normal or restrictive pulmonary functions [non-OAD group]. OAD in patients with NCFB adversely affected clinical outcome. There was a significant increase in Pseudomonas colonization [60.3% vs. 16%; P<0.0003], hypercapnic respiratory failure [63.4% vs. 20%; P<0.0003], and mean number of admissions due to exacerbation [6 vs. 2; P<0.0001] in the OAD group as compared with the non-OAD group. Although mortality was increased in the OAD group, the difference was not statistically significant. Patients with NCFB who have OAD have a significantly higher rate of colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa [PSA], hypercapnic respiratory failure, a greater number of hospital admissions due to exacerbation of bronchiectasis, and a higher mortality compared with patients with restrictive or normal pulmonary functions

High resolution ultrasonography in an unsuspected soft tissue foreign body

The evaluation of foreign body begins with routine radiographs. Recently, ultrasonography has gained a wide acceptance in emergency radiology for detection of soft tissue foreign body especially in cases where routine radiograph is negative. Here in, we report a case referred to us for a non-healing wound in his right leg in which ultrasonography detected a non radio-opaque wooden foreign body in the soft tissues