study on trichomonas vaginalis and comparison between the efficacy of metronidazole and secnizole on women in Kirkuk province

The present study was planned to show the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis among reproductive age group women attended the private clinics complaining of gynecological and urinary symptoms and to compare the efficacy of metronidazole and secnizole in eradicating Trichomonas vaginalis in women. A study was carried out on 210 women [47 pregnant and 163 non pregnant] attended private clinics in Kirkuk, Iraq, for the period from 1[st] of February to 1[st] of July 2004. Each patient examined clinically, vaginal swabs and urine samples were examined microscopically to detect Trichomonas vaginalis. The Trichomonas vaginalis positive cases and their husbands were divided into two groups, one group was treated with metronidazole and the second group with secnizole. It was found that the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis was [29.05%], the infection rate in pregnant women was [42.55%]. The highest rate of infection was among pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy [58.33%]. The infection rate in non pregnant women was [25.15%]. The commonest clinical symptoms among positive cases was vaginal discharge followed by itching, dysuria and dyspareunia. It was found that the efficacy of secnizole was greater than metronidazole in eradicating Trichomonas vaginalis infection and the rate of resistant cases treated with metronidazole 7[30.8%] was higher than those treated with secnizole 3[10.3%]

trial of immunisation against cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic protozoal disease in Iraq. Recovery from the disease confers a solid and permanent immunity. Vaccination with a living inoculum of promastigotes isolated from culture reduce the incidence of disease. To show the efficacy of different types of antigens for protection of Balb/c mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Thirty Balb Ic mice were divided in to six groups, groups 1-4 were immunized with different types of antigens [heat killed, freezing-thawing, formalin fixed and ultrasonicated]. Received June 2005 Group 5 was treated with freshly harvested viable promastigotes from liquid medium as positive Accepted Nov. 2005 control and group 6 was kept as negative control. Leishmanin test was used for estimation of hyper sensitivity of skin. Immunization with antigens preparation revealed that, the immunized mice became resistant to infection. Immunization of mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis is possible by using different types of antigens. Keywords: Immunisation, cutaneous leishmaniasis, mice

Study of some biochemical changes in blood infected with plasmodium vivax

The study was carried out Al-Tamim province, on inpatients of medical wards in Al-Tamim General Hospital and Sadarn General Hospital in Kirkuk and patients attending Public Health Laboratory in Kirkuk from period between August 1996 to July 1997 Blood samples were collected from 50 P vivax infected patients and 50 healthy control individuals. Biochemical tests were done in Al-Tamim Public Hospital Laboratory and Children Hospital Laboratory in Kirkuk.The results showed that the blood sugar, serum globulin, serum sodium electrolyte and total serum iron-bindiny capacity values decreased in P. vivax infection.The serum alkaline phosphatase, S.G.O.T., potassium, copper, zinc and total serum bilirubin values increased in P. vivax infection

Prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary school children in Al-taameem province, Iraq

[a] To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary school children In Al-Taameem province. [b] To show the distribution of intestinal parasites in rural and urban areas. [c] To determine the frequency of single and multiple infections. Design: General stool examination was carried on by more than one method to determine parasites among primary school children. Setting: The study was carried out in Public Health Laboratory in Al-Taameem province, during the period from April 1988 to May 1989. Participants: One thousand, six hundreds and eighty-one school children, aged 6-12 years were Included in this study. Intervention: The stool specimens were collected from the primary school children and examined for intestinal parasites by direct and concentration [MIF] techniques. Scotch tape method was used for detection of Enterobius vermicularis infection for children who were complaining of itching. Main outcome measures: The prevalence of infection in urban and rural communities was estimated to know the distribution and its causes using student t-test and its significance at 95% confidence. Intestinal parasites were found in 680 children [40.45%]. The rate of infection in rural area [44.92%] was higher than urban area [37.96%]. Males [42.73%] had higher rate of Infection than females [37.63%]. The intestinal parasites were Giardia lamblia [30.39%], Entamoeba histolytica [19.08%], Entamoeba coli [17.03%], Hymenolepis nana [11.3%], Enterobius vermicularis [10.47%], Ascaris lumbricoides [3.3%], Trichomonas hominis [2.49%], Strongyloides stercoralis [1.46%], Taenia spp. [1.3%], Chilomastix mesnili [0.73%], Ancylostoma duodenale [0.73%], Endolimax nana and Fasciola hepatica [0.44% for each] and lodamoeba butschili [0.29%]. Double infections was detected in 69 samples [9.35%], distributed in urban [32] and rural [37] areas. Triple infections were detected in three samples from rural area [0.04%] The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection is high among primary school children. The rate of infection in rural area was higher than urban area. Males had higher rate of infection than females. Combined infections were more common in rural area

effect of albendazole and mebendazole on echinococcus granulosus protoscolicies

This study was carried on to show the effect of albendazole and mebendazole and their combination on the survival of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in mice. In vitro, a concentration of 10 mg/ml of albendazole and mebendazole and their combination reduced the survival of protoscolices, but on the first three days the effect of combination of drugs and mebendazole alone were greater than albendazole. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of albendazole and mebendazole and their combination reduced the number and size of hydatid cyst in mice one month post infection, but did not prevent the development of cysts. The effects of combination of drugs were greater on both number and size of cysts than using albendazole or mebendazole alone

effect of calcium channel blocker nifedipine on total serum calcium level in hypertensive patients

The present study was carried out on 30 hypertensive patients and 30 healthy individuals as control, to show the effect of antihypertensive therapy [calcium channel blockers Nifedipine] on total serum calcium level. The total serum calcium level in hypertensive patients was lower than controls. It was found that calcium channel blocker has reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 8 weeks of treatment. The total serum calcium level was significantly increased with antihypertensive treatment

Comparison between the excretion of some metallic elements in normal and parasitized human

Twenty four hours urine samples from a total of 50 normal healthy individuals [30 males and 20 unmarried females] and a total of 70 parasitized patients [40 urinary schistosomiasis males and 30 trichomoniasis females] were analysed for zinc, copper, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium. The results showed that urinary schistosomiasis leads to increased zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium and potassium levels but decreases the excretion of sodium, where as trichomoniasis leads to increase the excretion of zinc and sodium but decrease the excretion of copper. No significant differences were found in the biochemical element excretion between filtered and unfiltered urine samples during both infections

Survey study of intestinal parasites in Kirkuk paediatric hospital

This paper reports the prevalence of intestinal parasites in kirkuk paediatric hospital patients A total of 770 stool samples were collected and examined by both direct and concentration techniques. Intestinal parasites were found in 223 children [116 males and 106 females]. The parasites were Giardia lamblia 91[40.81%]. Entamoeba histolytica 109 [49.37%], Hymenolepis nana 5 [2.24%], Trichomonis hominis 7 [3.14%]. Mixed infections were Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica 7[3.14%], and Giardia lamblia and hvmenolepis nana 1[0.45%]. The nematodes were Ascaris lumbricoides 2[0.9%], and Enterobius vermicularis 1[0.45%] The highest prevalence [50%] was in the 10-12 years age groups. The rate of infection in males [27.15%] was lower than females [31.27%]. The scotch tape method was more efficient than direct and concentration techniques for detection of eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. The main clinical symptoms observed in infected children were diarrhea and abdominal pain

Prevalence of toxoplasmosis among women in Kirkuk Iraq

A total of 400 serum samples were collected from women with abortions and 374 eluited sera from filter rapers of women with different gynaecological and medical problems, attending gynaecology and Obstetric Hospital of Kirkuk. IFAT was used to detect antibodies of Toxoplasma Gondii. The titre of 1:16 was considered as positive. Toxoplasma antibodies were found in 98 serum samples [24.5%]. The incidence of seropositivity was higher in women with one abortion than those with recurrent abortions and the rate of toxoplasmosis antibodies in women aborted during first trimester were lower than those aborted during second and third trimesters. The seropositivity of the 374 filter paper samples wee 13.10%

Serodiagnosis of human hydatidosis

In this study a compartive evaluation of indirect fluorescent antibody test [IFAT] and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] techniques have been done on 15 patients for hydatidosis, using sheep hydatid antigen in serodiagnosis of hydatidosis. It was found that the sensitivity of IFAT was 80.0% and ELISA was 86.7%. Stastically there were no significant differences between the two tests. A total of 658 blood samples were collected on filter paper from individuals representig seven section of the population of Al-Taameem province [veterinarians, animal breeders, medical official, children, labourers, housewives and officials]. They were examined for hydatid cyst antibody using both IFAT and ELISA techniques hydatid cyst antibody was found in 17 individuals [2.58%]. The positive cases were 15 animal breeders [6.4%] and 2 veterinarians [5.0%]