Gadget use and physical activity among children: involvement process theory / Uso de dispositivos e atividade física entre crianças: teoria do processo de envolvimento

ABSTRACT Sedentary behaviour is a global concern over the past decade and still an alarming issue at present. Among the concerns of being sedentary was gadget use among children as well as physical activity involvement. Several researches explore the factors link to inactive lifestyle. However, theory generation particularly on gadget use and physical activity involvement process among children were limited. Thus, this paper aims to build theory on gadget use and physical activity involvement among children. This study explores children experiences on too much gadget use and physical activity involvement through qualitative approach using grounded theory lens. Participants of the study were 11 to 13 years old school student and selected parents from Philippines. Data were gathered through face-to-face semi - structured in depth interview. Computer assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) was implemented in this study. Specifically, ATLAS ti. 22 software was used in data management and analysis which was guided by constructivist grounded theory by Charmaz. Theory was generated in this study after coding process i.e. initial coding, focused coding and theory building. Rigorous analysis of data in this study generated a theory and presented in form of process. The children's involvement process theory to gadget use and physical activity was explained in the following phases; being influence, being happy, accepting the situation, giving conditional task, physical activity: being last on the list. The findings indicate the reason why children spend too much time on gadget as they interpret it as happy place and less time for physical activity as they consider it as last in engagement priority. Results of this paper contribute understanding on how middle school students interpret their experiences regarding excessive gadget use and physical inactivity. Awareness on how children view gadget use and physical activity involvement provides parents, health experts and other related professionals a basis for creating a plan or strategy to promote a balance gadget use and physical activity involvement for children.

RESUMO O comportamento sedentário é uma preocupação global na última década e ainda é uma questão alarmante atualmente. Entre as preocupações de ser sedentário estava o uso de gadgets entre as crianças, bem como o envolvimento em atividades físicas. Várias pesquisas exploram os fatores ligados ao estilo de vida inativo. No entanto, a geração de teorias, especialmente sobre o uso de gadgets e o processo de envolvimento em atividades físicas entre as crianças, foi limitada. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo construir teoria sobre o uso de gadgets e o envolvimento em atividades físicas entre crianças. Este estudo explora as experiências das crianças com o uso excessivo de gadgets e o envolvimento em atividades físicas por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa usando lentes da teoria fundamentada. Os participantes do estudo eram estudantes de 11 a 13 anos e pais selecionados das Filipinas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista presencial semiestruturada em profundidade. A análise de dados qualitativos assistida por computador (CAQDAS) foi implementada neste estudo. Especificamente, ATLAS ti. 22 foi utilizado um software no gerenciamento e análise de dados orientado pela teoria construtivista fundamentada de Charmaz. A teoria foi gerada neste estudo após o processo de codificação, ou seja, codificação inicial, codificação focada e construção de teoria. A análise rigorosa dos dados deste estudo gerou uma teoria e a apresentou em forma de processo. A teoria do processo de envolvimento das crianças com o uso de gadgets e atividade física foi explicada nas fases seguintes; ser influência, ser feliz, aceitar a situação, dar tarefa condicional, atividade física: ser o último da lista. As descobertas indicam a razão pela qual as crianças passam muito tempo no gadget, pois o interpretam como um lugar feliz e menos tempo para atividades físicas, pois o consideram como a última prioridade de envolvimento. Os resultados deste artigo contribuem para a compreensão de como os alunos do ensino médio interpretam suas experiências em relação ao uso excessivo de gadgets e à inatividade física. A conscientização sobre como as crianças veem o uso de gadgets e o envolvimento em atividades físicas fornece aos pais, especialistas em saúde e outros profissionais relacionados uma base para a criação de um plano ou estratégia para promover o equilíbrio no uso de gadgets e no envolvimento em atividades físicas pelas crianças.

Effects of carbon source and additives on biomass, exopolysaccharide production and morphology of Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged cultivation

Aims@#To investigate the influence of carbon sources and additives/surfactants on the mycelium growth and exopolysaccharides (EPS) production, including the morphology during submerged cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in the minimal-medium as the base medium. @*Methodology and results@#Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated in different types of carbon sources to investigate the effects of carbon sources to mycelium growth and changes of mycelium morphology which directly affects the synthesis of EPS. In addition, additives or surfactants can increase the bioavailability of less soluble substrates in the cultured medium for the mycelium growth and indirectly affects the EPS production. In this study, the cultivation of P. ostreatus in the minimal-medium by using glucose as the carbon source with the addition of lecithin at 1% (w/v) gave the highest EPS production 4.53 ± 0.30 g/L, an increase of about 89.53% when compared to the cultivation without the addition of lecithin. Addition of lecithin changes morphology of the pellets outer layer and under microscope showing a dense hyphal network surrounding the pellets with the sizes of micro pellets almost 0.5-1.5 mm which contributed to the increase of EPS production after 14 days cultivation at 26 °C @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The choice of the carbon source should not only be for high productivity rate of mycelium growth and EPS production, but a cheaper alternative source should also be considered. In conclusion, high mycelium biomass and EPS production was achieved either by changes of the morphology through the type of carbon source and addition of additives such as lecithin.

Point-of-care airway ultrasonography prior to an emergency cricothyroidotomy

The use of ultrasonography in acute and critical care medicine is becoming increasingly common. However, use of an airway ultrasound as an adjunct to determine the type of intervention needed and assess complications is not common practice. We report a 56-year-old male who presented to the Emergency Department of the Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia, in 2015 with hoarseness, stridor and impending respiratory failure. A point-of-care ultrasound performed to assess the neck and vocal cords indicated a heterogeneous echogenic mass in the larynx, thus ruling out a cricothyroidotomy. The patient was therefore referred for an emergency tracheostomy. This case highlights the importance of point-of-care airway ultrasonography in the assessment of patients with stridor. This imaging technique not only helps to detect the cause of the stridor, but also to determine the feasibility of a cricothyroidotomy in emergency cases

Delineating inflammatory bowel disease through transcriptomic studies: current review of progress and evidence

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which comprises of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is an idiopathic relapsing and remitting disease in which the interplay of different environment, microbial, immunological and genetic factors that attribute to the progression of the disease. Numerous studies have been conducted in multiple aspects including clinical, endoscopy and histopathology for the diagnostics and treatment of IBD. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD is still poorly understood. This review tries to critically assess the scientific evidence at the transcriptomic level as it would help in the discovery of RNA molecules in tissues or serum between the healthy and diseased or different IBD subtypes. These molecular signatures could potentially serve as a reliable diagnostic or prognostic biomarker. Researchers have also embarked on the study of transcriptome to be utilized in targeted therapy. We focus on the evaluation and discussion related to the publications reporting the different approaches and techniques used in investigating the transcriptomic changes in IBD with the intention to offer new perspectives to the landscape of the disease.

Equine piroplasmosis in Kelantan, Malaysia: Clinicohemato-biochemical alterations in subclinically and clinically infected equids

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is global disease of equids affect the international movement of horses and their industry. This work was conducted on a random collection of blood samples from a total of 306 equids (horses and ponies) comprising both clinically healthy (n=276) and clinically suspected animals (n=30) for EP from 53 stables in eight districts at Kelantan, Malaysia. Competitive-inhibition enzyme linked immunosorbent test (cELISA) was applied to detect the antibodies for Theileria equi and Babesia caballi and their titers in the serum. Hemato-biochemical parameters were analyzed from blood and serum samples from clinical and subclinical cases in comparison to healthy animals (n=25) a control group. The overall prevalence of EP infections (T. equi, B. caballi and both infections) in subclinical and clinical infected equids was 70.26 and 9.80 per cent, respectively. The subclinical infection in equids was statistically higher than that of clinical infection (P<0.05). Higher titration of T. equi antibodies in clinical infected cases ranged from 1/160 to 1/1280 in (n=27), whereas in B. caballi the titres ranged from 1/160 to 1/640 (n=26). Manifestation in clinical cases was the acute onset of the disease, with significant Hemato-biochemical changes. Whereas, equids with subclinical infection appeared healthy with absence of clinical signs and non-significant Hemato-biochemical alterations were seen as compared to clinical cases and healthy control groups.

Damage control resuscitation: A case of thoraco abdominal impalement

Damage Control Resuscitation and Surgery is the concept of controlled hypotension, haemostatic resuscitation and abbreviated surgical procedures following severe trauma; the practice of which has resulted in improved mortality and morbidity. We describe a rare case of thoraco-abdominal impalement successfully managed based on the concept of Damage Control Resuscitation.

Migration of foreign body from postcricoid region to the subcutaneous tissue of the neck

Migration of a foreign body from the hypopharynx to the subcutaneous tissue of the neck is a rare event. We report a case of 48-year-old male who accidentally swallowed a fish bone which was not identified intraoperatively. The patient then presented with migration of the bone to the soft tissue of the neck. We conclude that careful assessment of the patient with a foreign body in the throat is crucial to avoid fatal complications

Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Head and Neck: Surgical Outcomes in Three Cases

Necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck is a rare, rapidly progressive infection involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue and fascia. We report three cases of necrotizing fasciitis that differ in their presentation and outcome. The first case involves a patient who presented with progressively enlarging anterior neck swelling that was later complicated by dehydration and reduced consciousness. The second case is a patient with neck swelling and ipsilateral otorrhea. The third case concerns a patient with a buccal ulcer complicated by ipsilateral facial swelling. All of them underwent a fasciotomy with wound debridement with the addition of a cortical mastoidectomy in the second case. Two of these patients recovered well. Unfortunately, the third case succumbed to death due to airway compromise and septicaemia. We advocate the importance of eradicating the source of infection followed by frequent, meticulous wound dressing and strict blood sugar control to obtain better outcomes in managing necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck. However, involvement of the airway carries a grave prognosis despite aggressive treatment.

Synovial sarcoma: a rare presentation of parapharyngeal mass / 癌症

Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck region involving the parapharyngeal space. The diagnosis of synovial sarcoma can be very challenging to the pathologists. We present a rare case of parapharyngeal synovial sarcoma in a young female patient who had a two-month history of left cervical intumescent mass at level II. The fine needle aspiration cytology of the mass was proved inconclusive. Transcervical excision of the mass was performed and the first case of parapharyngeal sarcoma was identified in our center by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Repeat imaging revealed residual tumor. The patient successfully underwent a second excision of the residual tumor and received adjuvant radiotherapy.