ABSTRACT
Introduction:Environmental pollution and food contamination are as old as the civilization itself. It is the result of the improvement of civilization, over usage of nature, industrialization, and in certainty a cost for the advancement. It is exceedingly conspicuous in Dhaka city. Air pollution is chiefly due to the vehicle emanation, modern release, and consuming of non-renewable energy source. The water asset of Dhaka turns into a noteworthy well-being danger due to arsenic contamination, insufficient family unit/modern/restorative waste transfer, and mechanical emanating the executives. Food contamination originated from the commercialism of specialists who are doing this purposely to augment benefit. Fundamental advances are to be taken to secure nature for our own reality. This paper uncovers compound pollution and contamination issues of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. Purpose of the Study: Brief review of chemical-induced pollution and contamination, their consequences and control. Health-care providers/Policy-makers have a major role play to the concerned field. Materials and Methods: Comprehensive literature search followed by consulting healthcare professionals about environmental pollution and food contamination. Hospital, clinic and company personnel, newspaper journalists, non-governmental organization workers given their valuable suggestions and asked help for necessary books, journal, and newsletters. A few western magazine and newspapers also observed to get the necessary concern. Projections were based on public life pattern, their food habits, pollution and contamination sources, waste disposal features of urban life as well as industry and hospital waste disposals. Results and Discussion: Pollution and adulteration are the most notorious enemy of mankind. Civilization has its own drawback that even causing destruction of itself. Very few people raised voice on this but crippled by the facts of commercialism. The scope of this article is limited to chemical pollution of air and water, medical or household waste products, and food contaminants and adulterants. A few discussions based on real-life experience and recent studies or reports from various journals and news articles are summarized here. Findings: Both general people and the old system are responsible for this unlivable condition of Dhaka city. The population is not the sole for this instance. A sense of poor rules and regulation is always found everywhere. Negligence is becoming a widespread disease contaminating illiterate to well educated, all kind of people. Research Limitations: Many articles and documents found in the concerned area of research, but the scope of this research is on its focus point chemical hazards and burdens of Dhaka city. Still, the most important aspect is covered, but the fact is less amount of recent data found in a few areas. Practical Implication: The language of this article is too simple to understand by people with simple literacy. Pharmacists, doctors, nurses, hospital authorities, public representatives, policy-makers, and regulatory authorities have to acquire much from this article. Social Implication:Any article or research is based on the think doing good for mankind, at least going ahead from the present situation, overcoming problems, and measures. The article should create a guideline for the future policy-makers of both government and other sectors to review the alarming situation of chemical pollutions and food contaminants of Dhaka, along with the whole of Bangladesh. Again, world business is moving around Asian countries, Bangladesh will be an important business hub within the next few decades. This article should remind policy-makers that we should not forget mankind, giving places to industrialization and development.
ABSTRACT
Pharmacoeconomics (PE) has been characterized as the depiction and examination of the cost of medication treatment to health-care frameworks and society. All the more explicitly, pharmacoeconomic look into is the way toward recognizing, estimating, and contrasting the costs, dangers, and advantages of programs, services, or treatments and figuring out which elective delivers the best well-being result for the asset contributed. This data can help clinical chiefs in picking the most cost-effective treatment alternatives. PE is a division of results examine that can be utilized to measure the estimation of pharmaceutical care items and services. Pharmaceutical care has been characterized as the mindful arrangement of medication treatment for the reasons for accomplishing unequivocal results. Purpose of the Study:The purpose of the study was to discuss and project about pharmacoeconomics. Findings: Cost of therapy is always been a concern for the health seeking behavior of every country from both developed and underprivileged communities. Several cost calculations impose economic burden statistics and pharmacoeconomics deal with them. Pharmacists and other health-care associates have much scope to contribute regarding cost minimization. Materials and Methods: Research conducted a year-round comprehensive literature search, which included technical newsletters, newspapers journals, and many other sources. The present study was started at the beginning of 2018. PubMed, ALTAVISTA, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register were thoroughly searched. The keywords were used to search for different publishers’ journals such as Elsevier, Springer, Willey Online Library, and Wolters Kluwer which were extensively followed. Medicine and technical experts, pharma company representatives, hospital nurses, and chemists were given their valuable suggestions. Projections were based on estimates of drug and therapy related cost, cost of being ill and hospitalization and cost of well-being. Pharmacists role in allied areas of cost calculation and minimizing through ADR management, prevent disease, and hospitalization, and drug selection were given the highest priority