ABSTRACT
Background: Among 86 patients aged between 18 to 65 of both sexes having pleural effusion due to various clinical etiologies were studied.Methods: Chest x-ray PA. was studied, 20 ml of pleural fluid was aspirated to study bio-chemically, microbiologically and pathological. Echo-cardiography, USG abdomen and biopsy of pleura was also done in same patients in whom diagnosis or etiology was unclear.Results: Among 59(68.6%) had fever, 68(79%) had cough, 40(46.5%) had breathlessness, 20(23.2%) had pedal edema, 42(48.8%) had chest pain, 5(5.8%) had abdominal distention. 52(60.4%) had tubercular pleural effusion 34(39.5%) had non- tubercular pleural types of non-tubercular PE effusion (PE) included 8(23.5%) synpneumonic, 5(14.7%) had CCF, 11(32.3%) had malignancy, 2(5.88%) had RA, 2(5.88%) had dengue fever, 2(5.88%) had pancreatitis, 4(11.7%) had Hypoproteinaemia.Conclusions: This pragmatic approach to pleural effusion for patients with different clinical manifestations as pleural fluid analysis is gold standard method in evaluation pleural effusion of different etiology.Background: Among 86 patients aged between 18 to 65 of both sexes having pleural effusion due to various clinical etiologies were studied.Methods: Chest x-ray PA. was studied, 20 ml of pleural fluid was aspirated to study bio-chemically, microbiologically and pathological. Echo-cardiography, USG abdomen and biopsy of pleura was also done in same patients in whom diagnosis or etiology was unclear.Results: Among 59(68.6%) had fever, 68(79%) had cough, 40(46.5%) had breathlessness, 20(23.2%) had pedal edema, 42(48.8%) had chest pain, 5(5.8%) had abdominal distention. 52(60.4%) had tubercular pleural effusion 34(39.5%) had non- tubercular pleural types of non-tubercular PE effusion (PE) included 8(23.5%) synpneumonic, 5(14.7%) had CCF, 11(32.3%) had malignancy, 2(5.88%) had RA, 2(5.88%) had dengue fever, 2(5.88%) had pancreatitis, 4(11.7%) had Hypoproteinaemia.Conclusions: This pragmatic approach to pleural effusion for patients with different clinical manifestations as pleural fluid analysis is gold standard method in evaluation pleural effusion of different etiology.
ABSTRACT
Background: Among 83 patients of both sexes aged between 25 to 65 adults had NAFLD with metabolic syndrome were studied.Methods: U.S.G. biochemical study included total cholesterol, AST, ALP, S, Albumin total Bilirubin, FBS, HbA1c and blood pressure was recorded.Results: Among 16(19.2%) had grade-I (mild steatosis) 38(45.7%) had grade-II (Moderate steatosis), 29(34.9%) had grade-III (severe steatosis), The clinical manifestation were 49(59%) had BMI 22.8 to 23.2, 34(40.9%) had BMI 23.3 to 24.2. D.M status was 33(39.7%) were pre-diabetic, 50(60.2%) were diabetic mellitus. 19(22.8%) were norma- tensive, 64(77.1%) were hypertensive, 63(75.9%) were hyperlipidemic, 23(27.7%) had IHD. 4(4.81%) had MI. Mean value of total cholesterol was 223±9.2, Triglyceride 24.8±13.3, HDL 42.3±2.5, LDL 128±13.8, AST 52.8±3.6, ALT 67.2±6.8, ALP 107±11.8, S. Albumin 3.50±0.12, Total bilirubin 0.93±0.10, FBS 13.±12.2, HB A/c 9.10±402.Conclusions: The present study of NAFLD was performed by combination of radiological and laboratory techniques, greatly reducing the requirement for invasive biopsy and reduce the morbidity and mortality.