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Acute Radiation- induced Skin reaction [ARISR] is a common side effect in the majority of patients receiving radiotherapy. ARISR is often characterized by swelling, redness, pigmentation, dry and moist desquamation, edema, ulceration, bleeding and necrosis of the Skin. This study was carried out to evaluate prevalence and severity of ARISR in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy and determining skin dose-response relationship. From December 2014 to September 2015, we evaluated 88 patients with head and neck cancer. The acute skin toxicity was scored based on RTOG toxicity criteria. Analysis of data using statistical software SPSS [version20] and ANOVA or chi- square test was done, with P
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Background: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Temozolomide [TMZ] has been used with irradiation [IR] to treat gliomas. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effect of TMZ when combined with high-dose and high-dose rate of gamma irradiation in vitro
Methods: Two 'U87MG' cell lines and skin fibroblast were cultured and assigned to five groups for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The groups were namely, TMZ group [2000 micro M/L], IR group [5 Gy], TMZ plus IR group, control group, and control solvent group. MTT assay was applied to evaluate cell viability. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 were considered statistically significant
Results: The slope of growth curve U87MG cells in semilogarithmic scale was equal to 27.36+/-0.89 hours. The viability of cells was determined for different TMZ and IR treatment groups. In terms of cell viability, there were no significant differences between the control and control solvent groups [P=0.35] and between treated group by IR [5 Gy] alone and TMZ [2000 micro M/ml] alone [P=0.15]. Data obtained for the cell viability of combined TMZ plus IR in both cell lines compared to TMZ or IR treated group alone showed a significant difference [P=0.002]
Conclusion: The evaluation of cells viability showed that TMZ in combination with IR on glioma cells led to a significant radiosensitivity compared to IR alone
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Ionization radiation caused to incidence of complications in the exposed organs. In prostate radiotherapy, rectum and bladder have been radiated unwantedly and indicated some complications during and after treatment. The purpose of present study is to consider and to compare clinical complications of rectum and bladder in custom block and MLC for 3- D conformal radiotherapy, in order to determine if both treatments differ with respect to creating radiation protection, subsequently in the incidence of complications. In this respect, 72 patients with prostate cancer classified into two arms, above 60 years without the history of previous radiotherapy, hormone therapy and surgery, were selected randomly in October 2014. In one arm, patients were treated with block 3- D conformal radiotherapy, and in second arm with MLC outbound technique for 3- D radiotherapy. Rectal and bladder clinical complications were recorded before, during [at the end of 10 treatment sessions], 3 and 6 months after treatment then compared based on tables [RTOG/ LENT].Obtained results showed that patients had a significant difference in such complications as urinary frequency after 10 treatment sessions, 3 months after treatment [p<0.02 and p<0.04, respectively] Also, patients had a significant difference in regard to dysuria at the end of treatment [p<0.02]. In both arms, patients had a significant difference in constipation after 30 sessions also at the end of treatment [p<0.02, p<0.02, respectively].In comparing different grades of complications based on RTOG/ LENT tables, it was not observed a significant difference between patients' complications in both arms
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The liver is an organ at risk [OAR] in radiotherapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors such as gastric, distal esophagus, lower lung and breast, bile duct, pancreas and whole abdomen. In this study the alteration in liver functional tests [LFT] of these patients during radiotherapy was investigated. To that end, the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], direct and total bilirubin were checked out at different times [before radiotherapy and every 2 weeks after the start of radiotherapy and followed up to 2 months after the end of treatment]. The results showed that LFT level increased during radiotherapy while they gradually decreased after treatment. Our results showed that the LFT serum is a very sensitive and useful biomarker for evaluation of the radiotherapy effects
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To recognize affective factors in delivering X-ray contrast agents [which have high atomic number] via gallium carrier to liver or lymphatic neoplasm cells. Since uptake of gallium by liver has been reported in numerous researches, it was bonded with a contrast media [metrizoate]. X-ray imaging was done to determine geometric features of liver. Radiographic image was obtained. Maximum contrast in radiographic image was observed 72 hours after injection. In addition, increase of effective tumor atomic number caused by metrizoate helped the tumor to be treated by a smart radiotherapy method [i.e. photoelectron therapy]. It increased photoelectron therapy efficiency up to two thousand percentages. A new method of killing cancer cells can be developed using contrast agents. Also, metrizoate-labeled gallium is recommended for marking animals
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Background: Colorectal cancer globally affects more than 1 million people every year. It is more common in men and it is the second most common cause of cancer mortality. Optimal treatment of colorectal cancer is a multidisciplinary approach which can be included of surgery, medical oncology, and radiation therapy
Objectives: The aim of this study was evaluation of relationship between testicular dose and hormonal changes after radiotherapy in male patients with rectal cancer
Patients and Methods:In this study 25 patients with rectal cancer were enrolled. The serum levels of luteinize hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], and testosterone [T] before and 3 - 6 weeks after chemoradiotherapy were compared and testicular dose was determined using a 3-dimension treatment planning system and relationship between hormonal changes and testicular dose was assessed
Results: 25 patients with rectal cancer with mean [+/- SD] age of 56.08 [+/- 14.30] years were evaluated. The mean [+/- SD] testes dose was 2.35 [+/- 2.32] Gy that was 6.09% of total dose. The levels of FSH and LH significantly increased [P = 0.001], however, the level of testosterone non -significantly decreased after 3 - 6 weeks of radiation therapy [P = 0.79]. No significant correlation was found between testes dose and sex hormones change [LH, P = 0.33; FSH, P = 0.16; testosterone, P = 0.95]. Furthermore the testes dose did not correlate with the lower border of treatment field [P = 0.26], total given dose to the patients [P = 0.81] and tumor location [P = 0.09]
Conclusions: The testes dose in this study was 6.09% of total dose. Radiotherapy of rectal cancer causes damage to the testis, as shown by increased levels of gonadotropins after radiotherapy. The radiation therapy significantly increased LH, FSH and non-significantly decreased testosterone level in patients with rectal cancer. No correlation could be found between changes of hormones and doses to the testis, probably due to the low number of evaluated patients. Larger studies are needed to establish the correlation between testicular radiation dose and hormonal changes in this group of patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Adult , Radiotherapy , Colorectal Neoplasms , TestisABSTRACT
Background: Radiotherapy has many side effects on fertilization in young women. Radiation can lead to ovarian failure in women who underwent abdomen or pelvic radiotherapy
Objective: This study helps us to investigate ovarian response of NMRI female mice to ovarian stimulating hormones [PMSG, HCG] after whole-body gamma irradiation
Materials and Methods: 45 pregnant mice were divided into two groups of control and experimental. The experimental group was classified into three sub-groups: Irradiation group [2 or 4Gy],Superovulation group [10 or 15IU],and superovulation and gamma-radiation group [2Gy and 10IU, 2Gy and 15IU, 4Gy and 10IU,4Gy and 15IU]. Female mice were killed and embryos were removed from oviduct .The number of embryos cells counted and the quality of them was evaluated in each group. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data
Results: There was a significant difference in the number of 2-4 cells grade D embryos in 2Gy and 15IU group compared with control and 2Gy groups [p=0.01], and the number of embryos in 4Gy group was more than in 10IU and 15IU [p=0.03] and 2Gy and 15IU groups [p=0.01]. It was more significantly embryos in 4Gy and 15IU group compared to 2Gy and 15IU group [p=0.01].In addition There were no significant differences in the number of 2-4 cells grades A, B and C embryos and also number of 4-8 cells grades A, B and C, D embryos in groups
Conclusion: The concurrent use of ovulation stimulating hormones and gamma rays ameliorates this problem of drastic decrease in number of living embryos due to whole-body irradiation