ABSTRACT
The mechanical behavior of a proximal femur under a normal body weight loading was examined. The geometry of the proximal femur was created in a finite element model using 29 reference points measured on the CT scan images of a patient. Four additional sets of measurements were calculated using ±(1) and ±(2) the standard deviation of the original set and the result of models was compared. The stress distribution and the locations of critical normal and shearstress, as well as the effect of the femur geometry which may be most susceptible to failure were examined. The findings of this study demonstrate an inferior distribution of stress in the plus-standard deviation models and indicate less ability to bear weight. The minus-standard deviation models appear to be better suited to bearing weight and indicate a more even distribution of the stresses generated within the proximal femur.
ABSTRACT
This study seeks to develop a method of teaching ethics to nursing students using games. We used the one-group pretest–posttest design with 30 undergraduate nursing students as participants. Professional ethics education was provided for 17 weeks in 90-minute sessions. The Lutzen ethical sensitivity questionnaire and a checklist of the satisfaction levels of games used measured the effects of training. Repeated-measures ANOVA and the Greenhouse–Geisser correction were used to measure ethics game satisfaction. After training, total moral sensitivity questionnaire scores increased significantly (p = 0.02). The score on awareness of the relationship with the patient and the application of ethics concepts in ethical decisions from the subdomain of moral sensitivity increased significantly. Card sorting and drawing or art production earned the highest scores of satisfaction. The results show that playing games is a useful approach to developing moral sensitivity among nursing students to make them more sensitive toward ethics issues in their professional environment.