ABSTRACT
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in blood pressure of hypertensive patients having dental extraction under a local anesthetic containing epinephrine
Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Jinnah Medical and Dental College [JMDC[ from January 2015 to April 2015
Materials and Methods: The data was collected from the patients visiting the Oral Surgery OPD of Jinnah Medical and Dental Colleges, Karachi
The study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College to evaluate the changes in blood pressure of patient with a known history of hypertension controlled using medications. All the patients underwent uncomplicated dental extraction
The blood pressure was recorded at three times: before the local anesthesia, 3 minutes post local anesthesia, and 3 minutes post extraction. 2 % Lidocaine with adrenaline l:180,000was used for local anesthesia
Careful administration of anesthesia was ensured to avoid direct injection into the bloodstream. In majority of cases only 2 anesthetic ampules were used [only two patient required 3 ampules]
The data was stored in excel worksheet and was analyzed using SPSS
Results: The total sample size was 122 patients seen in the Oral and maxillofacial surgery department of JMDC
There were 52 females and 70 males. Mean age was 46.17 +/- 13.26 years [range 25-78]. The age was further divided into four groups; Group 1: 25-34, Group 2: 35-44, Group 3: 45-54, Group 4: 55 and above. There was no significant change in diastolic and systolic blood pressure blood pressure at three time points. Paired sample T test was used, the only significant difference was in SBP before [SBP1] and after anesthesia [SBP2] [t= -2.28 p=0.045]. No significant change noticed in the DBP values at DBP1, DBP2 and DBP3. Amongst the age group the significant variation in systolic blood pressure was seen in the age group 3 and 4
Conclusion: This study was conducted to find out the changes in blood pressure of patients with a known history of hypertension controlled using medications. The study showed no significant changes in the observed parameters
ABSTRACT
The aims of the study were to describe the level of dental anxiety in a representative sample population. Experimental study.This study was conducted at the Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi. The study was conducted 1[st] to 31[st] of March 2013. All patients coming to the dental OPD for different dental procedures during the month of March 2013 were included in the study. Study sample comprised of 213 patients 135 Females and 78 Males. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 75 years. The study sample was divided into three groups: 1] 5-24 years 2] 25-39 years and 3] 40-75 years According to the performed dental procedures the sample was divided into two groups; 1] undergoing invasive procedures 2] undergoing non-invasive procedures Measurement of anxiety levels were recorded on the proforma using Norman Corah's anxiety scale data was entered on Microsoft Excel work sheet and was analyzed using SPSS 14. The results of this study showed women having higher DAS values as compared to men both in educated and non-educated strata regardless of the nature of the procedure being performed invasive or non-invasive. In the study 40% males and 25.5% females were relaxed when asked for their anxiety levels when visiting for a dental checkup and considered it as an enjoyable experience. 49.1% Males and 47.3% Females were relaxed waiting in the dental office. When asked regarding the noise of a drill 3.6% Males and 8.2% Females felt very anxious. For question relating to tooth cleaning and instrument preparation 5.5% Males and 8.2% Females were very anxious. This study has shown that educated individuals in both the genders have more anxiety as compared to uneducated individuals. Government funding should be directed towards awareness programs for population regarding dental treatments. Training of dental practitioners in patient counseling should be emphasized in the management of anxious patient
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to assess attitude towards oral and dental health during pregnancy and to examine their self-care practices in relation to oral and dental health. cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study. This study was conducted at the Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi from January 2013 to September 2013. This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted at the Jinnah Medical and Dental College Karachi [JMDC]. The study group comprised of 118 pregnant women attending the Jinnah Medical and Dental College OPD from January 2013 to September 2013 using convenience sampling method. A 15 item questionnaire was used, after it was pre-tested and validated. The data entry was done by the house officers of JMDC. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. 65% of the total patients were found to have dental caries on overall intraoral examination out of these 52% patients had pain on percussion. 44% of the patients presented with gingivitis and bleeding on probing while 21% presented with clinical periodontitis with mobility. 22.8% of the pregnant women presented with gingival enlargements out of which 13.55% had localized while 9.3% had generalized gingival enlargements. 62% of the pregnant women said they brush twice daily while 27% brush once daily only 3% women said that they brush their teeth occasionally. None of them did flossing. Only 10% of the women had regular dental checkups after every six months. This study observed the oral health care practices of the pregnant women. The study highlighted the lack of awareness of maintenance of oral health. Intensive oral and dental health education in pregnancy can lead to improved oral and dental health, and ultimately safe pregnancy outcomes
ABSTRACT
This article focuses on the mixed perceptions of the dentists in treating patients on blood thinners and the awareness amongst them regarding protocol and management of such patients. Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study. This study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College from August 2013 to December 2013. The data was collected from three dental colleges of Karachi. The study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College. A 17-item questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was collected from three dental colleges of Karachi to evaluate the dentist's perception and protocols put into practice related to patients on blood thinners. The study included 92 dentists. The data was stored in excel worksheet and was analyzed using SPSS. Amongst the 92 dental practitioners evaluated in the research 50% advised their patients to stop antiplatelet therapy prior to a dental procedure. 64.13% of the dentists where of the opinion that antiplatelet therapy be stopped before performing any treatment 94.56% of the dentists said they are aware of the reasons why patients are kept on anticoagulant drugs. Based on the data collected 67.39% of the dental practitioners delayed the treatment for patients taking blood thinners 95.65% referred the patients to their cardiologist prior to an invasive treatment. The optimal range of INR was known by 8478% of practitioners. Dental practitioners in this study population display a wide range of practice in their approach to patients on blood thinners. A trend towards overly conservative management is seen in the former. In contrast, the approach to the patients appeared to be haphazard, with about 20% of those never checking the INR pre-operatively. There is a clear need for greater awareness of an evidence-based approach to the dental management of this unique patient group to avoid unnecessary and preventable complications. There is an acute need for creating awareness and adherence to the new guidelines for safe and effective practice
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to find out the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists working in Karachi and to establish factors associated with these disorders. Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study. This study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi from June 2014 to August 2014. The data was collected from three dental colleges of Karachi. The study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College. The study included 222 dentists working in different faculty positions from house officers to professors. The data was collected to find out the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists working in five different dental institutions of Karachi. A 22-item questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire was validated among a group of five dentists before using it for final survey. The questionnaire consisted of number of questions about age, gender, number of years in profession, pain in the back and neck, working hours per day, number of patients treated per day, any break taken between patients or not, working with assistant or not, working positions used, and medicines taken due to musculoskeletal pain. The data was stored in excel worksheet and was analyzed using SPSS. 222 dentists from five dental institutions of Karachi participated in the study. The study sample comprised of 90 males [40.5%] and 132 females [59.5%]. The study highlighted that dentist who are involved in clinical practice are more prone to musculoskeletal problems accounting for about 79%. Amongst these 52.8% having backache, while 43.9% of the dentists having pain in the neck. The factors that were found to be significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain included; Dentists working without assistance experience more musculoskeletal problem approximately 47.6%. Dentist working more than 7 hours a day experienced more neck pain 40%. In the light of this study it is apparent that musculoskeletal disorders are very common amongst the dentist working in Karachi. It is seen more in those who are working for long hours and those working without trained assistants. Breaks between patients and reducing the number of working hours as well as trained dental assistance can reduce the incidence of these disorders
ABSTRACT
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi [JMDC] to determine the frequency of comorbidities that may affect the dental extraction in patients older than 35 years of age. A total of 3986 patients visited the oral surgery OPD of JMDC during the period of December 2010 to October 2011. The history charts of 1867 patients aged 35 years and above were included in the study. The patient's medical and drug history was recorded on a predesigned Proforma to find out the frequency of different medical problems including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, anemia, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiac disorders, renal disorders and blood dyscrasias. From a total of 1,867 patients, 436 patients [23.4%] were having comorbidities. The age of patients ranged from 30 to 80 years with the mean age of 39.6 years. The majority of them [54%] were in the 4th to 6th decades of life. There were 898 male patients [48.1%] and 969 females [51.9%]. In this study, hypertension was the most prevalent comorbid accounting for [236/1867, 12.6%] patients, followed by diabetes mellitus [126/1867, 6.74%], peptic ulcer [48/1867, 2.57%] and ischemic heart disease [16/1867, 0.85%].It is very important for the attending clinicians to have an exact knowledge of the patient's medical condition, although the prevalence of patients having comorbidities was not very high, the dentist must bear in mind that some of these patients may have contraindications to certain surgical procedures and others may require special modifications in standard treatment protocols to provide safe and effective dental treatment in these groups of patients