ABSTRACT
Background: the purpose of this study was evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of ethyl acetate extract and alkaloid fraction of Glaucium vitellinum [G. vitellinum] against clinical Staphylococcus spp. isolates from patients of Sina hospital of Tehran
Materials and Methods: the plant of G. vitellinum was collected from Khonsar, Isfahan province, during May 2014. It's flowering and aerial parts were washed, dried, powdered and extracted with methanol and ethyl acetate by using percolator apparatus, separately. In continuation, the alkaloid fraction was separated from metanolic total extract. 100 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were collected randomly from different clinical samples of patients who referred to Sina hospital of Tehran during 2013-2014. Also, their resistant to common antibiotics were evaluated by disk diffusion method based on the CLSI 2014 protocol. Continuously, the antibacterial effect of ethyl acetate total extract and the alkaloid fraction against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were evaluated by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] by microdilution method based on the CLSI 2014. Standard Staphylococcus aureus [PTCC1431] and Staphylococcus epidermidis [PTCC 1435] were evaluated, simultaneously
Results: based on the results, 93% of isolates were coagulase positive and 7% were coagulase negative Staphylococci spp. [CoNS]. All coagulase positive cocci were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and among 7% CoNS, 3% were identified as S. epidermidis, so, in the follow they are named only CoNS. The MIC of alkaloid fraction of G.vitellinum was: 17.87 mg/ml and 23.21 mg/ml against coagulase positive S.aureus and CoNS isolates, respectively. Also, MIC of ethyl acetate total extract of G.vitellinum was: 73.25 mg/ml and 98.21mg/ml on coagulase positive S. aureus and CoNS isolates, respectively. 61.29% of clinical S. aureus isolates were sensitive to ethyl acetate total extract and 100 % were sensitive to alkaloid fraction while 100% were penicillin resistant while only 60% of them were Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [SXT] sensitive. Similarly, among CoNS isolates, 42.85% and 100% were sensitive to ethyl acetate total extract and alkaloid fraction, respectively. While 100% were penicillin resistant and only 42%were ciprofloxacin and doxycycline sensitivity
Conclusion: based on the existence of good antibacterial effect for alkaloid portion of G. vitellinum against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. doing other in vitro and in vivo complementation tests are recommended for the further studies
ABSTRACT
The most prevalent complication of gallstone is chronic cholecystitis. The aim of the present study was to determine the responsible microorganisms in patients undertook cholecystectomy and determine their antibiotic resistance pattern. Cholecystectomy was achieved in 100 patients. Collected samples transferred to laboratory in appropriate media, then cultured on selective media to isolate the possible causative bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were also performed by Kirby-Baur method with a colony in Muller-Hinton agar medium. Totally, 63 samples showed bacterial growth, of which 11 revealed two species of bacteria. A total of 10 gram positive [enterococci and staphylococci] and 63 gram negative [E.coli, klebsiella, aerobacter, pseudomonas, proteus, citrobacter, providencia and acinetobacter] bacteria were isolated. Isolating bacteria and determining their susceptibility to different antibiotics may help physicians to manage cholecystitis and its associated complications