ABSTRACT
Background: In this study, the antibacterial effect of the methanolic fraction of Nepeta depauperata against 50 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from burn wound infections of patients who referred to Shahid Motahari hospital of Tehran in 2014 was evaluated
Materials and Methods: All bacterial isolates were confirmed by standard bacteriologic methods. Their resistant to common antibiotics were evaluated by disk diffusion method based on CLSI 2014. The Nepeta depauperata aerial parts were collected from Hormozgan Province and identified. Methanolic extract was prepared by maceration method using percolator apparatus and concentrated by rotary evaporator. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extract were determined by two methods; cup plate diffusion agar for determination the zone diameter of inhibition and microdilution broth for minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and further minimum bacteriocidal concentration [MBC]. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 20
Results: The percentage of resistance and susceptibility against nine different kinds of common antibiotic disk showed 83% resistance on average as evaluated by agar disk diffusion [Kirby-Bauer antibiotic test]. Also, the mean of inhibition zone diameters has been measured in concentrations of 1000, 500, 250 mg/ml as follow: 12.58, 11.3 and 9.44 mm, respectively by cup plate and the amount of 87.93 and 104.78 mg/ml for MIC and MBC were determined, respectively, using the broth microdilution method. Statistic analysis was done with SPSS verssion19 software
Conclusion: According to the satisfying results of the antibacterial effect of the testing methanolic extract against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa isolates further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended
ABSTRACT
Background: With increasing use of antibiotics, the number and type of microbial resistance to antibiotics have been raised and at result the need for synthesis of new antimicrobials or acquire new sources of antimicrobial is indisputable. In this study the antimicrobial effects of the flowering aerial parts of Glaucium vitellinum and Gaillonia aucheri were investigated
Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial effect of mentioned extracts against Escherichia coli PTCC 1399, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1430, Salmonella typhimurium PTCC 1639, Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1431 and Candida albicans PTCC 5027 were evaluated by disk diffusion and the microdilution method based on CLSI protocol 2012
Results: No any zone of inhibition were detected by disk diffusion method against tested microbes for Glaucium vitellinum. After deletion of agar interference, the minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] was determined by broth microdilution method for two plants. None of tested extracts were effective against Gram negative tested bacteria except alkaloid fraction of G. vitellinum which was effective against S. typhi. In contrast, the extracts and fractions of both plans were effective against tested gram positive bacteria especially S. aureus
Conclusion: The best result of MIC was detected for alkaloid fraction of G. vitellinum [0.09 mg/ml] Vs. G. aucheri [125 mg/ml] against S.aureus
ABSTRACT
Background: the purpose of this study was evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of ethyl acetate extract and alkaloid fraction of Glaucium vitellinum [G. vitellinum] against clinical Staphylococcus spp. isolates from patients of Sina hospital of Tehran
Materials and Methods: the plant of G. vitellinum was collected from Khonsar, Isfahan province, during May 2014. It's flowering and aerial parts were washed, dried, powdered and extracted with methanol and ethyl acetate by using percolator apparatus, separately. In continuation, the alkaloid fraction was separated from metanolic total extract. 100 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were collected randomly from different clinical samples of patients who referred to Sina hospital of Tehran during 2013-2014. Also, their resistant to common antibiotics were evaluated by disk diffusion method based on the CLSI 2014 protocol. Continuously, the antibacterial effect of ethyl acetate total extract and the alkaloid fraction against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were evaluated by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] by microdilution method based on the CLSI 2014. Standard Staphylococcus aureus [PTCC1431] and Staphylococcus epidermidis [PTCC 1435] were evaluated, simultaneously
Results: based on the results, 93% of isolates were coagulase positive and 7% were coagulase negative Staphylococci spp. [CoNS]. All coagulase positive cocci were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and among 7% CoNS, 3% were identified as S. epidermidis, so, in the follow they are named only CoNS. The MIC of alkaloid fraction of G.vitellinum was: 17.87 mg/ml and 23.21 mg/ml against coagulase positive S.aureus and CoNS isolates, respectively. Also, MIC of ethyl acetate total extract of G.vitellinum was: 73.25 mg/ml and 98.21mg/ml on coagulase positive S. aureus and CoNS isolates, respectively. 61.29% of clinical S. aureus isolates were sensitive to ethyl acetate total extract and 100 % were sensitive to alkaloid fraction while 100% were penicillin resistant while only 60% of them were Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [SXT] sensitive. Similarly, among CoNS isolates, 42.85% and 100% were sensitive to ethyl acetate total extract and alkaloid fraction, respectively. While 100% were penicillin resistant and only 42%were ciprofloxacin and doxycycline sensitivity
Conclusion: based on the existence of good antibacterial effect for alkaloid portion of G. vitellinum against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. doing other in vitro and in vivo complementation tests are recommended for the further studies
ABSTRACT
Objective: Infection control is one of the important aspects in dentistry. Oral and maxillofacial surgery is one of the most sensitive fields in dentistry in which infection control is important; a sterile surgical set is imperative. Manufacturers only guarantee the sterility of the anesthetic not the sterility of its outer surface. They recommend alcohol to sterile the outer surface [especially the diaphragm] of the cartridge. On the other hand, studies showed contamination of external surfaces in anesthetic cartridges in various amounts. Evaluation of possible microbial contamination of anesthetic cartridge surfaces was the intent of this study
Methods: During this descriptive experimental study, random sampling was performed and 1,200 Iranian and imported cartridges were transferred to different culture media [aerobic, anaerobic and fungal]. After 24-48 hours of incubation, samples were transferred to specific culture media. Cultured bacteria were stained, using the Gram staining method. The study was carried out in a 6- month period
Results: We found 6.3 percent of aerobic cultures, 1.8 percent of anaerobic cultures and 0.7 percent of fungal cultures were contaminated by different types of microorganisms sampled from cartridges
Conclusion: The contamination of cartridges is not ignorable and placing them directly in the sterile surgical set is not recommended
ABSTRACT
Acinetobacter baumannii in recent decay has become a concern in hospitals for its ability to acquire antibiotic resistance determinants rapidly and becoming resistant to almost all antibiotic classes. Borage [Echium amoenum Fisch. et Mey.], is a wild annual plant of Boraginaceae family, grows in northern mountains of Iran and has largely been used by Iranian folk as a mood enhancer, anti-anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, a laxative, an emollients and also it has been used for treatment of infectious diseases. So, in this study the methanolic extract of dried flowers of Echium amoenum were tested against the isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from wound of burn patients. 30 drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains which were isolated from burn wounds at the Motahari hospital of Tehran, Iran, were selected. Antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract was evaluated by the disc diffusion method based on CLSI protocol 2012. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone for different extracts were; 9.967 +/- 6.139 mm at the concentration of 4000 ppm, at the concentration of 400 ppm 13.37 +/- 5.45 mm, 13.53 +/- 5.49 mm at the concentration of 200 ppm, 14.77 +/- 5.17 mm at the concentration of 100 ppm and 14.13 +/- 5.7806 mm at the concentration of 50 ppm. Clinical strains of the A. baumannii were almost highly resistant to imipenem which is the common choice of antibiotic therapy in the hospitals. Due to the calculated p value
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Wound Infection , Burns , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
In this study, antimicrobial effect of total extract of Tribulus terrestris L. and its fraction containing Benzoxazine derivative [Terresoxazine] was studied for the first time in Iran. Total aqueous extract of plant was prepared and in order to separate the components, liquid/liquid extraction method with Petroleum ether was used. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [LC/MS] system proved the existence of Benzoxazine derivative in the water and the third fractions. Antimicrobial effects of all extracts were examined against 10 Gram positive and negative and Candida spp. by cup plate and disk diffusion methods. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] was determined by micro dilution method. The total extract showed antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The fraction of Benzoxazine had no effect against tested microbes. MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] determination showed that B. subtilis had the low sensitivity to the total extract. Beside, total extract in water with 1000 mg/ml concentration and total extract in Dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] 10% with 750 mg/ml density can be substituted to Penicillin 200 mg/ml to combat the P. aeruginosa infections. Because of antibacterial effects of Tribulus terrestris L. against both Gram negative and positive bacteria, and no antibacterial effect of the fraction containing Benzoxazine derivative, it can be concluded that antibacterial effects of the total extract is due to other active ingredients or it is because of the cumulating of different components in total extract. Therefore separation of other components of total extract and determination of their antibacterial effects can be future subjects for researches about this plant
ABSTRACT
The edible mushrooms [basidomycetes] have high nutritional value, promote the immune system, and as a source of natural antimicrobial substances have been used to cure bacterial infections since ancient times.Various kinds of proteins with several biological activities are produced by mushrooms. In this research, in order to evaluate antibacterial activity of edible mushrooms, we isolated proteins of Agaricus bisporus and examined their effects on gr + and gr- bacteria. Protein extract of the mushroom was first discriminated by homogenation of the chopped fruiting bodies in tris buffer with pH 7.3 and then centrifuged. The Protein concentration was determined by Bradford method. Gel filtration of the proteins was performed by Sephadex G-100 using UV spectrophotometer as detector. Three fractions were collected and their purity level were defined by SDS-PAGE. In order to reach to a more purification level, isolated proteins from the G-100 column were fractionated by the DEAE ion exchange column. Antibacterial activity of total extact proteins as well as protein fractions was evaluated by the method of microdilution against gr+ and gr- bacteria. This study showed that the isolated proteins from the mushroom, Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies were effective against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. The proteins of edible mushrooms like Agaricus bisporus, maybe viewed as a natural source of antibacterial agents
ABSTRACT
According to several studies, asthma medications especially beta2-agonists and corticosteroids have harmful effects on the dentition. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in asthmatic children in comparison with healthy controls. Some potential confounders of oral health were also evaluated. Asthmatic children aged 5-15 years under the care of the Pediatric Pulmonary Clinic of Masih Daneshvari Hospital were studied. DMFT index [decay, missing, filling teeth] was assessed in them by using the visual-tactile technique. Also, saliva samples were taken from each child and the number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli colonies in the samples was counted. Similar data were collected from the healthy controls. Forty-five asthmatic [mean age 10.90 +/- 3.16 yrs] and 46 healthy children [mean age 11.03 +/- 0.59 yrs] were studied. Mean DMFT was 3.98 +/- 2.53 in the control group and 4.30 +/- 2.81 in the study group which revealed a significant difference between the two groups regarding DMFT index. The number of Lactobacilli colonies was 8171.3 +/- 11956.0 and 16078.4 +/- 24305.5 in asthmatic and non-asthmatic groups, respectively which demonstrated no significant difference in this regard. Whereas, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies was significantly different between the two groups [32331.7 +/- 46258.9 colonies in the control group versus 80883.4 +/- 74799.9 colonies in the study group; p-value < 0.05]. Multivariable analysis revealed that asthmatic children receiving anti-asthmatic medication including beta2-agonists and corticosteroids had a higher DMFT index. According to our study the prevalence of dental caries was higher in asthmatic children as compared to the healthy controls. Also, a significant correlation was detected between the saliva pathogens and dental caries. Dental caries were more prevalent in children receiving beta2-agonists alone than in those receiving both corticosteroids and beta2-agonists. Our study concluded that a more comprehensive precise oral health training program needs to be established by complete evaluation of the dental caries status in asthmatic children and also by training them regarding the technique of using inhalers with a spacer to lower the complications and costs of dental caries
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Asthma/complications , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Dental Caries/microbiology , Prevalence , Saliva/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans , Risk Factors , Administration, InhalationABSTRACT
Shigella is a facultative intracellular pathogen that uses the host actin cytoskeleton protein for intra- and intercellular spread. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of icsA gene and IcsA expressed protein bands among Shigella flexneri strains isolated from 3 clinical centers in Tehran. Material and Two hundred and seventy five isolated Shigella flexneri strains were identified by standard microbiological and biochemical methods. DNA isolation was performed using sodium perchlorate method. Hot start-PCR was done with 2 pairs of primers and the products were separated through agarose gel [0.8%] in TAE buffer. DNA fragments were visualized by ethidium bromide staining under UV illumination. Whole membrane preparation was used to examine the protein profiles and identification of probable IcsA [120-kda] protein band by SDS-PAGE. From 100 isolated Shigella flexneri strains, both bands of 1600 bp and 1709 bp were detected in 46 isolates [46%]. A 120 kDa band which seems to be related to IcsA protein was detected in 46 isolates [46%]. The protein bands varied between 30 and 150 kDa.Discussion: IcsA is both necessary and sufficient for actin assembly in Shigella flexneri. Since icsA gene and IcsA protein band were not found in all Shigella strains, it seems that not all strains have the same pathogenesis. On the other hand, since the demonstration of icsA gene by PCR in all Shigella strains [46%] corresponded to the presence of a 120 kDa protein band by SDS-PAGE [46%], it seems that both tests may confirm each other. However, the PCR may be more accurate than SDS-PAGE