ABSTRACT
Background: Positive psychotherapy is one of the new approaches in psychology which is innovated for treating psychological disorders and enhancing positive emotions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the group positive psychotherapy on elevation of life satisfaction and quality of life in infertile women
Materials and Methods: In a randomized trial study, Beck Depression Inventory II [BDI-II] and clinical interview were used in a pre-test post-test control group design. After analyzing the result of the questionnaire, 36 infertile women who showed signs of mild to moderate depression were randomly placed into two following groups: control [n=18] and intervention [n=18]. Before the treatment, the members of both groups answered BDI-II, Satisfaction With Life Scale [SWLS] and 12 item Short Form Health Survey [SF-12]. The intervention group received six sessions of group positive psychotherapy, but the treatment of the control group began six weeks after the intervention group
Results: The results showed that the life satisfaction scores of the intervention group were significantly elevated from 22.66 in pre-test to 26.13 in post-test [P<0.001], while this improvement was not significant in the control group [P=0.405]. The difference between life satisfaction scores of the intervention and the control groups was also significant [F=8.92, P=0.006]. However, no significant change in the quality of life level of the intervention and control groups was observed [P=0.136]
Conclusion: Thus it can be deduced from the findings that this treatment method could be introduced as solution to increase the life satisfaction in infertile women, but not as a treatment for elevating their quality of life [Registration Number: IRCT2013042810063N3]
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Adult , Quality of Life , Personal Satisfaction , Infertility, Female , Depression , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Diabetes is now known as one of the chronic diseases that besides body have negative effects on the psychological status of patients. The present study aimed to assess the physical and mental attributes of patients to evaluate and compare life expectancy and mental health among diabetic patients with normal ones. This was an analytic cross-sectional study, that was done on 91 adults about 30 to 60 years old in Kermanshah that 51 had type 2 diabetic patients and 40 was normal. The Sampling method of this research was convenience. Life Expectancy Inventory [LEI-33] and General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-28] were used to collect information. SPSS-16, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and T-test were used for analyzing data. Analyzing data showed a negative significant correlation between life expectancy and general health among adults [P<0.01]. T-test results showed that life expectancy and general health status in non-patients was better than type 2 diabetic patients that this difference was statistically significant [P<0.05]. The results of this study showed that type 2 diabetic patients have too much psychological pressure exposure, which reduces their hope to live. Hence of psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions is needed to improve the psychological care as well
ABSTRACT
Cerium is a trace element and a member of the lanthanide group. Cerium cation is similar to ferric ions with regard to transferring binding, suggesting transferrin-receptor mediated transport could be possible to uptake the element. Therefore the aim of the present study was to survey of cytotoxic activity of cerium in the presence of transferring on growth of adenocarcinoma gastric stomach [AGS] cell line in vitro. Adenocarcinoma gastric stomach cells obtained from Pasteur institute were cultured on RPMI-1640 medium and the effect of cerium lanthanide with 0.1, 1, 10, 100 [micro M] concentration with and without transferrin in 24 h and 48 h incubation periods was investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] assay. The results obtained from LDH assay showed that cerium without transferrin and cerium with transferrin decreased survival AGS cells significantly. Also results obtained from MTT assay showed that cerium without transferrin and cerium with transferrin decreased survival AGS cells significantly. In our results cerium could induce the inhibition of cell growth but the percent of growth inhibition could be higher with presence of transferrin. Our results indicate that at a certain concentration, the cerium compounds could inhibit the growth of cancer cells
ABSTRACT
Global surveillance has shown that drug resistant [DR] tuberculosis [TB] is widespread. Prompt detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance is essential for effective control of TB. The most frequent mutations associated with Isoniazid [INH] resistance in Mycobacterium are substitutions at codons 315 in the katG gene and the mabA-inhA promoter region [15]. This survey evaluated INH resistant-associated mutations in order to determine rapid detection of TB resistance. Through a descriptive cross-sectional study total of 96 sputum specimens were digested, examined microscopically for acid-fast bacilli and inoculated into L wenstein-Jensen slants. Thereafter, the susceptibility and identification tests were performed on culture positive specimens. Subsequently, the strains were subjected to multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction [MAS-PCR] targeting in the codons 315 in the katG gene and the mabA-inhA promoter region. Distinct PCR banding patterns were observed for different mutation profiles. Drug susceptibility testing revealed that out of 96 available isolates, 30 [31.3%] were susceptible, 36 [37.5%] had multi-drug resistance [MDR-TB] and 30 [31.3%] showed mono-drug resistance. In comparison with the culture-based phenotypic drug susceptibility test, the sensitivity and specificity of MAS-PCR assay for drug resistance-related genetic mutations were 76.7% and 71.4%, respectively. The correlation between MAS-PCR and culture-based phenotypic drug susceptibility testing findings was 99. 4%. The profile of the isolates suggests a significant number of different DR strains with a high frequency of mutations at codon 315 of the katG gene. MAS-PCR provides a rapid, simple and cost-effective method for detecting MDR-TB
ABSTRACT
Molecular epidemiology analyses are frequently used in determining epidemiology of tuberculosis. Recently, Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit Variable Number Tandem Repeat [MIRU-VNTR] and Spoligotyping has become an important method, as it allows high-through put, discriminatory and reproducible analysis of clinical isolate. The purpose of this study is to compare techniques of "MIRU-VNTR" versus "MIRU-VNTR and Spoligotyping" together for study of genetic pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [M. tuberculosis] strains. Sixty M. tuberculosis [MTB] isolates were selected [30 susceptible, 30 multi-drug resistant] for this study. Thereafter, the "MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping" were performed to identify their genetic patterns. The frequency of unknown genetic pattern of MTB was compared using technique of "MIRU-VNTR" alone versus "MIRU-VNTR and Spoligotyping" together. The MIRU-VNTR allelic diversity at each of the loci was calculated by Hunter - Gaston Discriminatory Index [HGDI]. Based on differentiation index of all strains 10, 16, 26, 31 and 40 loci were identified as the most distinctive [HGI >/= 0.6] and 2, 4, 20 and 24 as the weakest distinctive locus [HGI
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Molecular Epidemiology , AllelesABSTRACT
Spoligotyping is a method based on 36bp Direct Repeat [DR] chromosomal loci polymorphism which is connected to one or two 35-41 bp spacer sequences. There are 94 different intra DR spacer sequences which are identified so far and only 43 of them are used as usual. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains can be identified based on lacking or having these sequences. Spoligotyping test was carried out on 238 TB smear positive patients. Primary separation of mycobacterium strains was done through Petrof 4% method and Lowenstein Jensen [LJ] media. Biochemical tests such as Niacin test/Catalase activity/Nitrate reduction were done in order to identify the strains. Drug sensitivity to INH [0.2Mg/ml]/ RIF [40Mg/ml]/ STM [10Mg/ml] and ETBl [2Mg/ml] identified by proportional method and according to that, the strains were divided into three groups: sensitive, multi drug resistance [MDR] and non MDR. Then DNA was extracted by CTAB method from the positive colonies. Sequences were amplified by PCR and after denaturizing, hybridization with Streptavidine peroxidase enzyme was performed by Line reverse blot method. Radiography was done after adding the Luminoscense and membrane onto the X-ray films. Serotypes were divided into 9 groups [Beijing/ CAS1/ Haarlem / U/ T2/ T1/ EAI3/ EAI2 and CAS2]. Most of the strains were from Haarlem [27%] and CAS1 [25%] groups. Two strains were also identified in this method that belonged to Mycobacterium bovis. Spoligotyping method is an easy, rapid and sensitive test in order to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains