[Sub-cloning of alpha subunit of anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormone into a mammalian expression vector]

Anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones include thyroid stimulating hormone, lutinizing hormone, follicule stimulating hormone, and gonadotropine hormone. Each of them contains alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit gene is the same in all of these hormones and contains 4 exones and 3 intrones. The beta subunit is responsible for specific function of each hormone. The aim of this study was to clone alpha chain cDNA of glycoprotein hormones in a proper vector for eukaryotic system. To clone cDNA, alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones was amplified by using one pair primers and T.vector as template and cloned in Not I and Bam HI sites of pcDNA3.1 plasmid. The recombinant plasmid transformed to E.coli Top10F? cell and colonies that contain plasmid were selected by Colony PCR. The accuracy of extracted plasmid of these clones was approved by enzyme digestion and sequencing. Enzyme analysis showed that pcDNA3.1-F351alpha had correct structure and sequencing confirmed by 100% homology of the gene with reported alpha gene in Gene Bank. Because of its proper structure, this plasmid is able to transform to Eukaryotic system and translation

[ incidence of complications of vaccination in children and infants of Semnan, Iran]

Vaccination has achieved significant and cost effective success in prevention of infectious disease. Although the current vaccines used are very effective and their side effects are minimal, generally no vaccine is not free from side effects. Incidence of adverse reactions after immunization may discourage people for further immunization of their children. The aim of this work was to determine the incidence of complications of vaccination in children and infants of Semnan, Iran. In a longitudinal study [prospective], all vaccinated children between September 2006 and March 2007 in 11 vaccination centers were studied. A specific questionnaire, including vaccine recipient profile, type of vaccine, birth weight, feeding and 46 adverse reactions were completed immediately after and 2,4,6,12, 18 months later. 5776 children were studied. 29% of the children showed at least one adverse reaction of vaccination. The most common adverse reactions were: fever [24%], pain at injection site [3.8%], swelling [2.5%], erythema [2.5%], induration [2.1%], and ulceration at injection site [2.1%]. Incidence of other complications was below 1%. The most dangerous complication of the vaccine was encephalitis [one case] and two cases had febrile seizures. The most cause of hospitalization was adverse reaction of MMR vaccine. Finally, of every four children, one child showed at least one complication that fever was the most common. In general, routine immunization program of Iran country against nine common infectious diseases has lower complications. This complication is mainly mild and transient and do not need any intervention by drugs. However, among these may be rare and dangerous complications such as seizures and encephalitis occur. Hence, a careful follow-up program is required to report complications of immunization