ABSTRACT
Background: Feather waste is generated in large amounts as a by-product of commercial poultry processing. The main component of feather is keratin. The main purpose of this study was to identify Bacillus spp. [the keratinolytic bacteria] that are able to degrade the feather for producing keratin
Methods: Bacillus spp. Were isolated from the waste of poultries located in Miyaneh city. The bacteria were grown on basal medium containing 1% hen feather as the sole source of carbon ,nitrogen, sulfur and energy at 27 degree C for 7 days. Then,the isolates capable of feather degrading were identified. The Bradford method was used to assay the production of keratin in the feather samples. Different pH and temperatures were studied to determine the best conditions for production of keratinase enzyme
Results: Seven Bacillus spp. including: B. pumilis, B. subtilis, B. firmus, B. macerance, B. popilliae, B. lentimorbus and B. larvae were found to be able to degrade the feather with different abilities
Conclusion: B. subtilis was found to be most productive isolate for keratinase enzyme production
ABSTRACT
Silver nanoparticles have many applications in medicine, pharmaceutical and health sciences. There are some problems in physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle production including high cost, environmental pollution and complexity of these processes, while the biological production methods are economical and eco-friendly. The aim of this study was biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Bacillus bacteria. The gender of Bacillus bacteria was isolated from Ainaly territory soil and copper mines of Ahar city [Sungun and Mazraeh] using morphological observation and some preliminary biochemical tests. The isolated bacteria were suspended in 50 ml of 3.5 mM aqueous AgNo3 solution at pH 7 for 48-72 h. After color changing observation, the solutions were centrifuged to prepare biomass for analyses of UV-vis spectrophotometer and TEM. The molecular test was performed to confirm the gender of the bacteria. After isolation of 40 kinds of Bacillus bacteria category, just the one from Sungun Copper Mine was found to be able to produce silver nanoparticles. The colour changing of aqueous medium and the result of UV-vis spectrophotometer demonstrated the formation of silver nanoparticles. TEM micrographs indicated spherical silver nanoparticles with the size range of 20-50 nm. The molecular test demonstrated the genus of bacteria as Bacillus. The results showed that the isolated species of Bacillus is able to produce sliver nanoparticles.
ABSTRACT
Radioimmunoscintigraphy [RIS] has found widespread clinical application in tumor diagnosis. The antibody [Ab] PR81 is a new murine anti-MUCl monoclonal antibody [MAb] against human breast carcinoma. In this study a very simple, rapid and efficient method for labeling of this MAb with [99m] Tc, particularly suitable for development of a [kit] is described. The reduction of Ab was performed with 2-mercaptoethanol [2-ME] at a molar ratio of 2000:1 [2-ME:MAb] and the reduced Ab was labeled with [99m] Tc via methylene diphosphonate [MDP] as a transchelator. The labeling efficiency which was determined by instant thin layer chromatography [ITLC] was 94.2% +/- 2.3. Radiocolloides measured by cellulose nitrate electrophoresis were 2.5% +/- 1.7. In vitro stability of the labeled product in human serum which was measured by gel filtration chromatography [FPLC] was 70% +/- 5.7 over 24 hr. The integrity of labeled MAb was checked by means of SDS-PAGE and no significant fragmentation was observed. The results of the cell-binding studies showed that both labeled and unlabeled PR81 were able to compete for binding to MCF 7 cells. Biodistribution studies were performed in normal BALB/c mice at 4 and 24 hrs post-injection and no important accumulation was observed in vital organs. These results show that the new radiopharmaceutical may be considered as a promising candidate for imaging of breast cancer