Perspectiva de género en la formación de profesionales de la salud: Una tarea pendiente / Gender perspective in health care teaching: A pending task

Background: Gender must be considered in the design and implementation of health policies to safeguard equity and accomplish sanitary objectives. Aim: To identify gender perspective in the curricula of five health care careers in the Universidad Austral de Chile. To identify the situation of women in the teaching profile of such curricula. Material and methods: An exploratory and descriptive study with a critical reading of the structure of the programs of 217 courses. Revision of official academic registries. Results: Gender is usually not included in the curricula of health care careers. The generic language conceals female academics and students. There was a scarce inclusion of cross sectional issues such as collaborative work, interpersonal and democratic relationship, equity and critical analysis. There were no differences in academic achievements between female and male students. The contractual profile of female academics reproduces the gender inequity ofthe work market. Conclusions: The inclusion of gender is a pending task in the training of health care professionals).

Violencia doméstica y sexualidad / Domestic violence and sexuallity

Background: women's reproductive health is closely related to the conditions in which intercourse is carried out with the sexual partner. Physical and emotional abuse is expressed as loss of bonds, reduction in self esteem and deterioration in interpersonal relationships. Aim: to assess the effects of domestic violence on pregnant women attitudes towards sexual relations with their partners, and to critically analyze the dependence of these variables on biosociodemographic factors, socioeconomic status and family functioning. Material and methods: sixty three pregnant women with a domestic violence background (index group) and 43 women without such background (control group) were subjected to a structured survey including questions about biosociodemographic variables, socioeconomic status, family relations, couple interactions and questions about attitudes towards sexual relations. Results: domestic violence was caused by the woman's partner or ex partner in 73 percent of cases. A greater family dysfunction and disturbance in the couple's relation was observed in the index group (p< 0,05). Association tests and multiple correspondence analysis did not show a clear correspondence between variables related to a woman's attitude towards sex relations and the risk of domestic violence. Conclusions: this quantitative methodology was unable to identify the reasons, interpretations and meanings that women with a background of violence, give to features associated with their sexuality

Maternidad en adolescentes: perfil del patrón de crecimiento del niño durante el primer año de vida / Maternity in adolescents: profile of the growth pattern of the children during the first year of life

Objetivos: 1. examinar el perfil del patrón del crecimiento en el primer año de vida de los hijos de madres adolescentes atendidas por el Programa de Atención Integral de la Adolescente Embarazada (P.A.I.A.E.), 2. analizar la influencia de factores maternos y neonatales sobre los parámetros antropométricos en tres momentos del primer año de vida del lactante. Metodología: se diseñó un estudio de seguimiento longitudinal de una cohorte única de 125 lactantes. Variables independientes: peso, talla, perímetro craneano al nacer, sexo, apgar al minuto y cinco minutos, edad gestacional pediátrica, clasificación de peso según edad gestacional y variables biodemográficas maternas. Variables dependientes: peso, talla y su incremento al mes, seis meses y al año de vida de niño. Procedimientos estadísticos convencionales fueron usados en el análisis de los datos. Resultados: el crecimiento antropométrico del lactante muestra que los valores observados de peso y talla presentan mejores resultados en el peso que en la talla, y los promedios alcanzados son más bajos en niñas que en niños. El peso y el sexo del recién nacido explican el 74,3 por ciento de la variabilidad del peso al mes de vida. La talla, peso y edad gestacional pediátrica al nacer explican el 77,7 por ciento de la variabilidad de la talla al mes de vida. A los seis y doce meses estas variables pierden progresivamente su importancia como variables explicatorias. Conclusiones: después del mes de vida habría otros factores que influyen en el crecimiento antropométrico del lactante hijo de madre adolescente, tema que necesita ser abordado en futuras investigaciones