ABSTRACT

Background: Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the tenth most common cancer in women. It is common in industrialized countries than in developing countries, and in urban than in rural dwellers. Transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder may be papillary or non papillary and invasive or in situ. Non papillary tumors or at least the poorly differentiated papillary tumors arise from areas of atypical urothelial proliferation. Materials and methods: A total of 54 cases were included in the study. 67 urine samples from all the 54 cases were categorized on the basis of the guidelines of the “Five-category cytological classification”. The cases were identified on the basis of clinical features of hematuria, frequency, urgency, dysuria or past history of bladder tumor. The criteria for inclusion in our study was either a positive urine cytology with a subsequent positive/ negative biopsy or positive/ negative urine cytology followed by a subsequent biopsy, positive for