ABSTRACT
Tea, the dried leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis, makes a popular beverage consumed world wide. Barley, is a rich source of the soluble fiber beta-glucan, which has been shown to significantly lower LDL-C. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two levels of powdered green tea, barley and their combination on obese rats suffering from diabetes and acute renal failure. Forty eight male albino rats [Sprague-Dawley strain] [160 +/- 10g] were used in this study, the rats were divided into two main groups. The first main group [6 rats] was fed on basal diet [control negative group]. The second main group[42 rats] was fed for eight weeks on high fat diet HFD to induce obesity in rats . after this period, the rats in the second main group were injected with alloxan [150 mg alloxan/kg body weight] to induce diabetesAfter four days, blood samples from the first and second main grops were collected to estimate serum glucose, to insure the induction of diabetes with second group. After this period the rats in the second main group were injected with glycerol [50% weight/volume glycerol in 0.9% saline at 10 ml/kg] to induce acute renal failure. Then, the second main group was divided into seven sub groups as follows. Subgroup [1]: continuous feeding on HFD as a control positive group [obese rats sufferind from diabetes and acute renal failure], subgroup[2 and 3]: were fed on HFD containing 3%+ 6% green tea, respectively. Subgroup [4 and 5]: were fed on HFD containing 3%+ 6% barley, respectively. Subgroup [6 and 7]: were fed on HFD containing [3% green tea + 3% barley] and [6% green tea + 6% barley], respectively. This experiment lasted 6 weeks. Results showed that, feed intake, body weight gain % and kidney weight/body weight % increased in obese rats which suffer from diabetes and acute renal failure[control positive group], also lipid profile except HDL-C, kidney functions, liver enzymes, glucose and leptin hormones increased in [control positive group], as compared to the rats in the first main group[ control negative group]. Treating obese rats which suffer from diabetes and acute renal failure with green tea, barley and their combination decreased body weight gain%, kidney weight/body weight % and improved the serum parameters determined in this study, especially when used the high level from the mixture of [ 65 green tea and 6% barley], followed by the high level from barley[6%] and the mixture of [3% green tea and 3% barley], respectively
Conclusion: Gren tea and barley reduces weight and improves the body's functions in obese rats suffering from diabetes and acute renal failure
ABSTRACT
Obesity is considered a serious disease affecting a large population worldwide. The present work was conducted to study the effect of low fat high protein diet in the absence or presence of arabic gum on weight loss, some nutritional and biochemical parameters of obese rats. Normal male's albino rats [94] of Spargue-Dawley strain weighted 130 +/- 5g. Were used in this study. The rats were divided into two main groups. The first main group [7 rats] fed on basal diet as a control negative group. The second main group [42 rats] were fed on high fat diet [HFD] for four weeks to induce obesity. After this period, the mean values of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and body weight gain were determined in the first and second main group to insure obesity induction. The rats in the second main group was divided into seven subgroups [n=7 rats] as follow: subgroup 1 were fed on HFD as a control positive group, subgroup 2 were fed on HFD containing 5% arabic gum AG, subgroups [3 and 4] were fed on low and very low caloric diets respectively [through the replacement of some dietary fat [saturated fat] with protein, subgroups [5 and 6] were fed on low fat high protien diets respectively and containing the same amount of AG used in subgroup [2],. The results in this study revealed that, the mean value of feed intake, body weight gain relative, liver weight decreased in all treated groups, as compared to obese groups. The mean values of serum glucose, leptin hormone, all lipid fractions [cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, the ratio between LDL-c/HDL-c and VLDL-c], kidney functions [uric acid, urea nitrogen and creatinine] and liver enzymes [aspartate amino transferase AST, alanine amino transferase ALT and alkaline phosphatase ALP] decreased significantly p<0.05 in all tested groups, while HDL-c increased in all treated groups, as compared to the obese group [control +ve group]. The best results recorded for the groups treated with low and very low fat high protein diets containing AG. It is concluded supplemented rat high protein low fat diet with Arabic gum improved the nutritional and biological parameters of obese rats
ABSTRACT
Background: Fungal rhinosinusitis is a characteristic disease that requires a great deal of interest. Knowing the fungal flora, its prevalence and symptomatic presentation in patients with chronic fungal rhinosinusitis will allow a better understanding of this disease, correct diagnosis, and treatment and developing its prognosis. Clinical presentation can provide to the subcategories of fungal rhinosinusitis however, histopathological and microbiological examinations provide accurate diagnosis and classification
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on fifty patients of chronic fungal rhinosinusitis who had been referred to otorhinolaryngology surgeon for endoscopic sinus surgery in the last 2 years in Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospitals in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, We selected some immunocompetent chronic rhinosinusitis patients with signs and symptoms of inflammation of nasal and paranasal sinuses. These patients had positive computed tomography and /or histopathological examinations. We evaluated clinical history, otolaryngologic examination with nasal endoscopy, computed tomography scan, mycological and bacterial cultures and histopathological examinations
Results: Fungal rhinosinusitis was the cause of chronic rhinosinusitis in 16.2% of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis submitted to paranasal sinuses endoscopic surgery. Fungal cultures were positive in 60% of specimens with predominance of 63.3% Aspergillus fumigatus, 20% Aspergillus flavus, 3.33% Aspergillus niger and 13.33% Candida albicans. While 40% of patients with rhinosinusitis showed no fungal growth. Bacteriological cultures indicated there is an association of bacterial infection in 16 patients out of 50 as; Staphylococcus aureus [43.75%], Staphylococcus haemolyticus [25%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [18.75%] and klebsiella pneumonia [12.5%]. In 28% specimens there was no bacterial growth, and in 40% specimens the bacterial examination were not performed. Mixed bacterial and fungal infections were found in 30% as the following: Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus fumigatus, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus flavis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Candida albicans in 33.33%, 22.22%, 22.22%, 11.22% and 11.22% respectively. According to the histopathological findings the detected types were fungal rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinosinusitis, non specific inflammation and mixed reaction in 54%, 22%, 6%, and 18% respectively. All patients presented some type of findings in paranasal sinuses by computed tomography [CT] scan were classified as 60% allergic fungal sinusitis, 34% chronic invasive fungal sinusitis, 4% fungal ball and 2% acute invasive fungal sinusitis. As regards correlation of histopathology, CT and fungal cultures results of the studied 50 patients and according to CT classification of fungal sinusitis, positive histopathological findings were found in 53.33% of cases that were classified as allergic fungal sinusitis, while positive fungal culture were seen in 40%. In chronic invasive fungal sinusitis, histopathological findings were positive in all cases [100%] while positive fungal cultures were seen in 88.23%. In acute invasive fungal sinusitis and fungal ball CT classification, both histopathology and fungal cultures were positive in all cases [100%]
Aim of work: The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the results of clinical endoscopic findings, radiological, mycological, and histological criteria for optimizing the diagnosis of true fungal sinusitis
Conclusion: Early and specific diagnosis of fungal rhinosinusitis is necessary. The traditional methods used in routine practice for the diagnosis of fungal rhinosinusitis may be insensitive and nonspecific. Moreover, the allergic fungal rhinosinusitis represents an immunologic rather than infectious disease. The optimal duration of treatment and the role of patient preferences in clinical decision making also needed to be addressed. The maximum diagnosis will be available by combining traditional culture, histopathology and radiology. In this circumstance, molecular techniques are perhaps best placed to enable rapid and accurate identification