ABSTRACT
Background: There are many hundred carries for hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis D virus [HDV] is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B surface antigen [HBs Ag] for replication and transmission. Coinfection of HBV and HDV are usually acute, self limited infections. In contrast, a super infection causes a generally sever and acute hepatitis that most often results in chronic hepatitis D, with the suppression of HBV replication but persistence of HDV replication
The aim of the work: detection of infection with HDV among HBsAg positive blood donors in Regional Blood Transfusion Center in Minia governorate
Patients and methods: We evaluated ten thousand volunteer blood donors in Minia regional blood transfusion center in the period from October 2009 to May 2010. Blood screening for HBsAg was done using plasma of the blood donors. Any blood sample was seropositive for HBsAg, was subjected to detection of antibodies to hepatitis delta antigen [anti-HD] in plasma samples and confirmed the diagnosis of hepatitis B DNA by doing PCR test to all positive [anti-HD] cases. Also detection of HCV by MEIAs was done
Results: Out of the 10000 samples, 200 samples were reactive to HBsAg. Out of the 200 blood samples, 21[10.5%] were anti-HD positive. 21 positive anti- HD samples were HBV DNA positive [100%] and 2% were positive to HCV while
ABSTRACT
Background: Over the past few years, interest in the genus Aeromonas as an emergent human pathogen has increased significantly. Although healthy carriers of Aeromonas spp. have been described, several case-control studies have shown that these bacteria cause diarrhea. Recent studies have demonstrated that the presence of Aeromonas species in drinking water is a potential risk since these micro-organisms can produce a wide range of virulence factors. The aim of the work; is to isolate and identify Aeromonas from stool specimens in cases of gastroenteritis in children below the age of 5 years, healthy controls and from different drinking water supplies in El-Minia Governorate, and to study their antimicrobial resistance
Materials and Methods: The study included both clinical and environmental samples. 200 clinical stool specimens collected from children [100 children suffering from gastroenteritis attending pediatric Out Patient Clinic and 100 children were apparently healthy or admitted in the hospital for illnesses other than gastroenteritis. The environmental samples were 40 drinking water samples obtained from the different water supplies in El Minia governorate including urban and rural sources. The clinical and environmental samples were submittedto different tests
Results: The isolation rate of Aeromonas among children with gastroenteritis was 64% and among the control group was 40%, while the isolation rate of Aeromonas in drinking water samples was 45%. From the clinical strains, 88 were identified as A. hydrophila [52 cases and 36 controls], 12 as A. caviae [8 cases and 4 controls] and 4 as A. sobria [cases]. While from the water samples, 16 were identified as A. hydrophila and 2 were identified as A. caviae All the isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance patterns and majority of the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, amikacin, garamycin and cotrimoxazole. They exhibited absolute resistance to ampicillin
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis [TB] is a major cause of pleural effusion, which in TB usually has lymphocytic and exudative characteristics. The final diagnosis of TB pleurisy was based on combining clinical judgment with radiological findings, and microbiologic tests, In cases of suspected pleural tuberculosis, a rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis through ADA activity and PCR detection is of prime importance, since traditional techniques of detecting acid- fast bacilli have limitations
Aim of the work: To examine the diagnostic efficiency of Ziehl-Neelsen [Z.N] staining, tuberculin test, ADA activity, and PCR in patients with pleural effusions and related the results to clinical signs and symptoms in a population with a high prevalence of TB
Patients: The study included 92 patients with pleural effusion of different etiologies taken from Chest Department, Minia University Hospital and Minia Chest Hospital between July and 2007 and March 2008. The diagnosis of pleural [p] TB was confirmed in any patient presenting with positive findings of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, either on the sputum or pleural fluid and also, in the absence of negative laboratory results, those patients with clinical improvement after empirical treatment
Methods: A single specimen of pleural fluid [50 to 100 ml] was submitted for appearance, and protein content, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, pleural ADA activity determination and PCR. Also 10 ml blood for estimation of hemoglobin, ESR and serum ADA activity. The sputum was examined for acid fast bacilli by Z.N. staining
Results: Out of 92 cases studied there were 40 cases [43%] of highly suspicious of tuberculous pleural effusion .Examination of pleural effusion by Z and N stain in all cases was negative. On the other hand, +ve PCR was found only in 16 cases [40%] of TB pleural effusion and 3 cases of empyema. All 40 cases of tubercular pleural effusion showed greatly significant elevated ADA levels in pleural fluid, with a mean value of 57.4+/-7.7 U/L in comparison with other nonTB pleural effusion ADA levels including 25 cases of Para pneumonic effusions with a mean value of 27.5 +/- 9 U/L., 7 cases of empyema with a mean value of 24.8 +/- 3 U/L, and, of 18.5 +/- 6.5 U/L was the mean value of pleural fluid ADA among cases of liver cell failure. A significant +ve. correlation was observed between sputum examination by ZN and tuberculin test, and PCR in TB pleural effusion group [p <0.05]
Conclusion: Tuberculin test ,adenosine deaminase [ADA] activity and the detection of mycobacterial DNA by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] in clinical samples are very useful diagnostic approaches to achieve a more rapid and precise diagnosis in cases of pleural TB
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis [TB] remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent estimates are that 8-10 million new tuberculosis [TB] cases occur each year in the world and 2-3 million die. Previous clinicbased studies in developed countries demonstrated an association between tuberculosis and diabetes but did not determine whether this is due to an increase in recently transmittedor reactivated infection of tuberculosis
Aim of the Work: is asses the comparative efficiency of BACTEC system, MycoDot test and Zeihl Nelseen staining in diagnosis of tuberculosis in diabetic and non diabetic children
Patients and methods: The study comprised 220 patients, divided into two groups. The first group is 110 cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged from 5-10 years old who had a regular follow up in pediatric diabetes Mellitus [DM] Out Patient Clinic in El-Minia University Hospital. The second group consists of one hundred and ten children [as a control non-diabetic group]. Both are subjected to history talking, clinical examination including general and local examination, chest X-ray [diabetic children] and Zeihl Nelseen staining of sputum and also sputum was cultured in BACTEC system [diabetic and control groups]. Finally, we did the MycoDot test on sera of both groups
Results: Among the one hundred and ten [diabetic children], nine cases [8.2%] assigned positive TB in using BACTEC technique. On the other side, all the control cases were negative in using the same technique. Among the one hundred and ten [diabetic children], six cases [5.5%] assigned positive TB in using MycoDot technique. On the other side, the control cases assigned only one positive case [0.9%] in using the same test and the difference was statistically significant [P=0.01] [P=0.04] respectively. TB prevalence by BACTEC system was higher among children with positive Zeihl Nelseen stain and also with MycoDot test than those with negative ones and the differences were statistically significant [P=0.0001]. Mean duration of disease [DM] was higher among children having positive BACTEC system than those with negative results, but the difference was statistically insignificant [P= 0.06]