ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate Vitamin D in Pulmonary tuberculosis and normal healthy adults
Study design: Case control study
Place and duration: Department of Medicine, Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, from January 2013- June 2014
Subjects and methods: A sample of 209 diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients was selected through non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After taking informed written consent from the participants, Vitamin D was measured by ARCHITECT I 1000 system for estimation of 25-OH- D[3]. The data was recorded on a pre-structured proforma, and analyzed on SPSS version 21.0. The significant p-value was taken at
Results: The mean +/-S.D serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[3] in cases and controls were 27.1+/-9.7 and 36.8+/-8.1 [ngdl[-1]] respectively [p=0.0001].The 25-hydroxyvitamin D[3] levels as low as 6 ng/dl were observed in pulmonary tuberculosis subjects. The normal, insufficiency and deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were observed in 37[33%], 16 [14.2%] and 59 [52.6%] in cases respectively compared to controls as 57 [58.7%], 21[21.6%] and 19 [19.5%] respectively
Conclusion: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are significantly Vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D supplements may be prescribed, however further studies are warranted
ABSTRACT
Background: Splenomegaly is usually the result of an underlying disorder; causes ranging from infections to blood cancers. Primary diseases of spleen are uncommon. Etiology of splenomegaly varies according to the geographical areas studied and depends upon the endemic, genetic and hematological diseases in the particular region. Purpose of this study was to find out the causes of splenomegaly in a tertiary care hospital representing almost entire interior of Sindh
Material and methods: This descriptive case series study was carried out at Department of Medicine Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro from 1[st] March 2007 to 31[st] August 2007, over a period of six months. 100 Male and Female patients older than 13 years of age and admitted in ward with clinically enlarged spleen were selected for this study. Sampling technique was Non Probability convenient sampling. After getting informed consent from patients proforma was filled, elaborating history, important clinical findings and investigations like abdominal ultrasonography, CBC, LFT, HBsAg, Anti HCV etc were performed. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 16 statistical software
Results: Among 100 patients with splenomegaly there was majority of male patients i.e.60%.The most common cause of splenomegaly found in our study was chronic liver disease i.e. 64% followed by malaria 16%, and hematological malignancies 14%. There were 2% patients found with enlarged spleen due to tuberculosis, remaining 4% comprised 1% each of enteric fever, infective endocarditis, CCF and SLE. Among the patients of hematological malignancies there were 9% patients of leukemia, 4% of lymphoma and 1% of myelofibrosis. As to the 9% leukemic patients, 4% suffered from Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, 3% from Acute Myeloid Leukemia and 2% from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Most common associated clinical sign was anemia demonstrated in 77% of patients
Conclusions: Chronic liver disease is the most common that leads to splenomegaly in population studied. Malaria and hematological malignancies appear to be the major contributors for splenomegaly. Finding of enlarge spleen needs clinical work up to reach the correct diagnosis
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine malondialdehyde, blood lipids and anti oxidants in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients
Study design: Observational, comparative study
Place and duration: Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital from February 2013- May 2014
Subjects and methods: 97 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics and 50 healthy controls were selected through non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected after 8-12 hours of fasting. Fasting blood glucose level, lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by Cobas e411 analyzer. Malondialdehyde [MDA], Superoxide dismutase [SOD] and Glutathione peroxidase [GPX] were measured by Diagnostics kit. Zinc and ascorbic acid were measured by using Centronic GmbH-Germany Kit. Albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid were measured on Hitachi Chemistry analyzer. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21.0. The significant p-value was taken at
Results: MDA, blood lipids and anti oxidant mechanisms showed significant differences between diabetics and healthy controls. Total blood lipids and lipid sub fractions were elevated in diabetics compared to controls. MDA was raised 5.16+/-0.91 vs. 2.16+/-0.62 micro mol/l in diabetics and controls respectively [p=0.0001]. The SOD, GPX, Ascorbic acid, Zinc, albumin, uric acid and bilirubin were reduced in diabetics [p<0.001]
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by free radical formation, lipid peroxidation, altered blood lipids and reduced anti oxidant mechanisms. An increase in malondialdehyde and reduction of antioxidant mechanisms may contribute to secondary complications
ABSTRACT
Hepatitis C is a major public health problem globally. It is one of the commonest cause of chronic liver disease in Pakistan. The prevalent genotype is "3" in our country. The standard of care treatment is combination of interferon and ribavirin. This combination has important adverse effects especially hemolytic anemia
AIMS and OBJECTIVES: This study has been conducted to determine the frequency of anemia [< 10gm/dl] at 4, 12 and 24 weeks of interferon and ribavirin treatment CAH-C Genotype-3patients along with assessment of associated risk factors
PLACE AND DURATION: This study was conducted in department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh from April 2009 to October 2010. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective and case series study
MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. The proforma was filled after patients verbal consent, by asking questions .Their BMI was recorded and other demographic characteristics were also noted .Patients were followed at 4,8,12,16,20 and 24 week. Their Blood CP was checked and if Hb fall within the range of 10.1- 11.9 mg/dL then the dose of ribavirin was reduced [200 mg/day reduction] and if Hb was <8.5 g/ dL then both drugs were stopped altogether
RESULTS: A total of 140 patients were remained for final analysis. Male were 73 [52%, n = 140]
Only 18 [13%, n = 140] patients developed anemia at week 4 of treatment. Compared to baseline mean Hb% SD 13.31+1.18 [12 to 17 gm/dl], week 4 post treatment mean Hb +SD [Range] was 11.2 + 1.15 [gm/dl. Almost 76.4% [107] of patients dropped hemoglobin more than two grams at week 4 from baseline. The mean Hb% level at week 12 of treatment was 11.2 gm/dl. There were 31 [22%] patients developed anemia Hb<10.0 gm/dL .It was significantly seen in females. One hundred and seven [76.4%] patients dropped Hb more than 2 gm at week 12
Total of 30 [18%] patients developed anemia [Hb<10.0 gm/dL] at week 24. Mean hemoglobin level at week 24 was 11.1 gm/dl. Anemia at week 4 and 12 were the two strong predicators of anemia at week 24. Other significant factors associated with anemia at week 24, were female sex and body weight less than 60kg at baseline
CONCLUSION: Anemia is a frequent complication of Anti HCV therapy
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the outcome of 116 patients with suspected / confirmed diagnosis of Dengue fever at our tertiary care setup. Design: A descriptive study Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. Study was carried out between October and December 2006
Methods: This study was conducted on 116 patients who were admitted in Liaquat University Hospital. Case definition was high grade fever with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia
Results: Only 52 out of 116 patients were confirmed as having Dengue IgM antibodies. The highest sufferers of Dengue fever were young adults. Almost all cases developed mild to moderate thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Most patients recovered spontaneously in less than 10 days. Only 3 patients expired
Conclusion: Dengue fever is endemic in sub-Saharan region and in South Asia including Pakistan. Out-breaks occur from time to time. The current outbreak being the 3[rd] episode in the last 13 years points towards the importance of comprehensive research for the prevention and control of the disease. Although case fatality rates are low however it must be considered as public health problem and serious efforts shall be undertaken for public awareness and vector control