Histological study on the effect of aminoguanidine on the cornea of rat of streptozotocin induced diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. Patient morbidity related to diabetic induced ocular complications has increased year on year proportionate with the worldwide increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic keratopathy is a common ocular complication of diabetes. The present study tried to investigate the effects of experimentally induced diabetes by Streptozotocin [STZ] on the structure of cornea and the role of aminoguanidinc administration to ameliorate these effects.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups five animals each; Group I [control group]. Group II [diabetic]. Group III [diabetic and aminoguanidine]. Group IV [non diabetic and aminoguanidine]. At the end of experiment, the rats were sacrificed and the corneas of different groups were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical study was done using caspase-3 to detect the apoptotic changes. The thickness of corneal layers was measured by image analyzer and statistical analysis was done. Light microscopic examination of group II revealed marked histological alteration in the form of degenerative changes. Immunohistochemical reaction showed increased number of apoptotic cells in most layers of the cornea. Statistical analysis of group II revealed a significant increase in thickness of all corneal layers as compared to all groups. Electron microscopic examination revealed irregularity of the basement membrane of corneal epithelium. The stroma showed focal loss of collagen fibrils. The endothelial coils were enlarged and distorted. Group III showed a more or less restoration of normal histological and morphometric structures of the cornea. Group IV was comparable to control group. Diabetes caused structural alterations in the cornea. However, Aminoguanidine improved structural changes caused by diabetes

comparison of fentanyl, meperidine and lidocaine in preventing the withdrawal response associated with rocuronium injection

We compared the efficacy of IV fentanyl, IV meperidine and IV lidocaine as pretreatment for the prevention of withdrawal response after rocuronium injection. For this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study we recruited 120 patients aged between 18 and 65 years, ASA physical status I or II, who had undergone elective surgery requiring general anesthesia and positive pressure ventilation. Patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 groups; group F received 2ml IV fentanyl 50micro g/ml [100 micro g], group M received 0.5ml IV meperidine [25mg], group L received 2ml of preservative-free lidocaine 2% [40mg] and group P [placebo] received 2 ml of normal saline. The incidence of withdrawal response after rocuronium was 56%, 16%, 15% and 7% in the placebo, lidocaine, meperidine and fentanyl groups respectively. We found a significant reduction in incidence of withdrawal response in the fentanyl, meperidine and lidocaine groups when compared with the placebo group [p<0.05], with the fentanyl group being most effective [p<0.05]. In conclusion, it was found that fentanyl, meperidine and lidocaine are effective clinical treatments to alleviate the withdrawal response associated with rocuronium injection, with the fentanyl being the most effective of the three used drugs

Postoperative emesis in pediatric strabismus correction

Postoperative emesis after strabismus surgery continues to be a problem, despite the use of anti emetic. The purpose of this study was to identify an anesthetic technique associated with the lowest incidence of vomiting after pediatric surgery. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effect of intravenous, sufentanil, morphine,or peribulbar block with propofol infusion on emesis in 105 pediatric patients undergoing strabismus correction. Anesthesia was maintained with air, oxygen and propofol infusion diclofcnac sodium 1mg/kg intramuscular was administered to all patients after induction patients was given either a peribulbar block, intravenous sufentanil 0.25 micro g/kg or intravenous morphine 0.1 mg/kg for perioperative analgesia. The emesis score was observed for the first 24 hours postoperatively. The incidence of emesis was significantly lower [1 of 35:2.9%] in the peribulbar group compared with morphine group [9 of 35:25.6%] [P<0.1]. The sufentanil group had a higher incidence of vomiting [4 of 35:11.4%] than did the peribulbar group. Among three techniques, peribulbar block with propofol - based anesthesia is the technique with the lowest incidence of postoperative emesis. Sufentanil-propofol is equally acceptable alternative however morphine- propofol is associated with high incidence of postoperative emesis

comparative study between pre-emptive peribulbar block and intravenous fentanyl in pediatric vitreoretinal surgery

In a prospective, randomized, single-blind study, 90 children [ages 7-14 years] were allocated to receive peribulbar block [n = 45] or intravenous fentanyl 1 mg/kg [n = 45] after the induction of general anesthesia. The number of children requiring intraoperative supplemental analgesia, number of incidence of oculocardiac reflex, requirement for additional analgesic, postoperative pain intensity, emetic episodes and parental assessment of the child's postoperative comfort at 24 hours were compared. The study concluded that peribulbar block appears to be safer and of a clinical superiority over the use of intravenous fentanyl for pediatric VR surgery

biology of obsessive compulsive disorder: an evidence from topographic EEG

The authors review the history of obsessive compulsive disorder, over the last 6 centuries with emphasis on the biological aspects. The study on thirty patients with primary obsessional disorder, showed abnormal E.E.G. in 90% of the cases, the results of this study are discussed in the light of other studies about the biology of this disorder, the authors hypothesized that the possible biological basis of OCD, is that latent behavioural patterns stored in the basal ganglia are somehow triggered by abnormally functioning inferior frontal lobes

Neurophysiological substrate of obsessive compulsive disorder: an evidence from topographic EEG

Obsessive-compulsive disorder has recently been found to be associated with various biochemical markers; this has revived interest in its biological basis. Most of the work to data has emphasized on the role of neurotransmitters involved and neurophysiological arousal. In this presentation, evidence from electrophysiological study: Topographic EEG mapping has focused on a possible left hemispheric dysfunction associated with this disorder. Thirty patients diagnosed as primary obsessional disorder according to DSM-III R, were examined by a topographic EEG. Their age ranged between 16-45 years, with a mean of 32. 1 years; 19 were males and 11 females. 50% of our patients [15 cases] showed evidence of left hemispheric dysfunction where two had hyperactive foci in the temporal region. 20% [6 cases] showed evidence of right hemispheric involvement; 4 had a right hemispheric dysfunction and two had right hemispheric hyperarousal. 10% [3 cases] had normal records; 13.3% [4 cases] showed generalized cerebral dysfunction and 6.7% [2 cases] had borderline records. Our results indicate a more significant association between the left hemisphere and the obsessional symptomatology