Influence of humic acid on nile tilapia exposed to cadmium pollution

The effect of humic acid on cadmium [Cd] toxicity to Nile tilapia and the impact on fish immunological, hematological changes in Nile tilapia [Oreochromius niloticus] were studied. The fish [120 +/- 10g] were exposed to 10 ppm Cd alone or with 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g humic acid /I ppm for 15 and 45 days. Cd exposure reduced significantly [P<0.04] such as erythrocyte count [RBCs], haemoglobin content [Hb], haematocrit value [Hct], mean cell haemoglobin [MCH] and mean cell haemoglobin concentration. These parameters were improved when humic acid was applied with Cd. The values of RBCs, Hb, Hct, MCH and MCHC were increased significantly to be as in the control fish group. Addition of humic acid to Cd contaminated medium considerably reduced metal absorption and accumulation in fish tissues, while it was increased metals in water and feces. Fish exposed to Cd alone accumulates 2.15 and 5.970 mg Cd/g dry weight in liver tissue for 15 and 45 days respectively. Cd reduced significantly to 1.292 and 4.16.; 0.92 and 3.791; and 0.41 and 2.43 mg Cd/g dry weight tissue in fishes exposed to 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4g humic acid /I for 15 ; and 45 days, respectively. Similar trends were observed in gills and musculature

Hazard assessment of vanadium to oreochronies Niloticus Fish, [Tilipia Fish] present in the river Nile and some clinicopathological studies

The effect of dietary carbohydrates and vanadium toxicity on hematological profile, blood chemistry and hormonal level was studied in Tilapia nilotica. There is a significant decrease in hemoglobin and PCV in group 3. There is a significant increase in serum cortisol, cholesterol, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase in group 3, also there is a significant decrease in serum phosphorus, sodium and potassium in treated fish. There is a significant high level of vanadium content in kidney muscles, heart and spleen in group 3 suggesting a variety toxic effects of vanadium on Tilipia nilotica, the total viable count of bacteria identified higher in fish fed carbohydrate vandium. Predominate bacteria were identified as Aerumonas E.coli, Staph. aureus, Pseudomonas, Fluorscences and Lacto bacillus sp. It emphasizes the finding that increase in carbohydrate concentration causes harmful pathological effects which the reduces humoral immune responses and enhances dietary vanadium toxicity

Some nutritional and clinicopathological studies in Japanese Quail exposed to a recently used pesticide [Copper oxychloride]

Thirty quails [80-100 g b. wt.] were divided into two groups to determine thenutritional and clinicopathological changes induced by 1% copper oxychloride. Blood samples were collected for determination of hemoglobin, PCV and somebiochemical blood parameters. Liver and kidney weight were increased and wereassociated with clinicopathological changes. Microbiological examination,revealed presence of Strept. pyogens, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli andanthracoids. A significant decrease in the value of Hb, PCV and iron wasdetected. There was significant increase in levels of ALT, AST, urea,creatinine, sodium, potassium, glucose, copper, cortisol hormone and insulinin treated groups in comparison with the control groups. Post-mortemexamination of scarified quails revealed hyperemia of internal organs [kidneyand liver]

Some microbiological and clinicopathological studies on cow suffering from subcinical mastitis

The present study was conduced to investigate the effect of subclinical mastitis on the clinicopathological changes in mastitic cows. A total of 400 individual milk samples from clinically normal udder quarters of 100 diary cows was examined microbiologically as well as by using California mastitis test [CMT] for detecting subclinical mastitis and designing rapid diagnostic tests for other infections. Blood samples were analyzed for hemogram, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase, aspirate aminotransferase, total protein, inorganic phosphorus and calcium. Also, LDH in milk was detected. The results indicated that there was a significant elevation of cortisol, SGOT, PCV and LDH activity in milk; while, a notable decrease in total protein, serum calcium and hemogram was observed. However, serum phosphorus level did not exhibit obvious changes

Influence of different dietary carbohydrates levels on some nutritional physiological parameters and selenium metabolism in nile-catfish [clarious lazara]

Effect of dietary carbohydrate [CHO] on hematology, blood chemistry, hormone and immunity was studied in Nile catfish. Nonsignificant decrease in body weight and growth of catfish fed high levels of CHO and no significant decrease in Hb and HCT% were observed. Concerning serum cortisol, glucose and cholesterol had a positive correlation with increase of CHO in diet. On the other hand, serum calcium, phosphorus, total protein and immunoglobulin M [IgM] were negatively correlated with dietary levels of CHO. Catfish reared on high CHO diet with 10 Ug selenium per gram diet had a significantly high liver and kidney selenium content than those reared on selenium free CHO after six weeks, indicating that excess dietary CHO enhances dietary selenium toxicity. In addition, liver copper levels were significantly affected with increased incidence of renal calcinosis, suggesting a variety of toxic effects of selenium on catfish

Impact of low dietary carbohydrate diets on some nutritional and clinicopathological parameters of cat fish [clarious lazara] infected with saprolegnia parasitica and exposed to copper nitrite

The effect of low dietary carbohydrate diet on catfish infested with Saprolegnia parasitica and treated with copper nitrite was studied for three weeks. Results obtained showed, nonsignificant decrease in levels of Hb, PCV% and iron with nonsignificant increase of creatinine. Significantly, marked elevations were recorded for serum copper, sodium and cortisol during the three weeks of the experimental period, while insulin, potassium, urea, ALT and AST were increased significantly during only the first and second week of experimental period. It was concluded that copper nitrite as a treatment for saprolegnia infestation in catfish fed low dietary carbohydrate diet produced metabolic stress, cell damage with malfunction of the hemopoietic system