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1.
Univ. salud ; 23(2): 151-161, mayo-ago. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1252319

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En producción avícola el uso de antibióticos promotores del crecimiento es limitado, debido al incremento de resistencia bacteriana. Una alternativa evalúa los probióticos microencapsulados y su efecto en la salud intestinal. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de Lactobacillus plantarum microencapsulado sobre parámetros intestinales e inmunológicos en pollos de engorde. Materiales y métodos: A 240 pollos Ross-308-AP de un día de nacidos se suministró alimento con o sin adición de probiótico bajo el siguiente modelo: sin probiótico-(T0), con probiótico comercial-(T1), con L. plantarum microencapsulado-(T2) y sin microencapsular-(T3). L. plantarum ATCC-8014 se microencapsuló mediante secado por aspersión, determinando su viabilidad en (%). Se evaluaron parámetros intestinales, morfo-histopatológicos e inmunológicos por Azul de Alcian, microscopia de barrido e inmunohistoquímica y la abundancia microbial por UFC/mL. Resultados: El microencapsulado confirió una viabilidad in vivo de L. plantarum del 88,1%. El tratamiento T2 mejoró los parámetros inmunológicos y confirió beneficios intestinales con una abundancia de bacterias benéficas (Lactobacillus) de (9,13x105-UFC/mL), significativamente mayor a la encontrada en los tratamientos T1 (8,91x105) y T3 (8,23x105) y el control T0 (9,18x104), (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La adición de L. plantarum microencapsulado en alimento para pollos mejora parámetros inmunológicos y confiere mayor abundancia de bacterias benéficas presentes en la microbiota intestinal.


Introduction: Usage of growth-promoting antibiotics in poultry production is limited due to the increase in bacterial resistance. An alternative to assess microencapsulated probiotics and their effect on gut health is presented in this study. Objective: To determine the effect of microencapsulated L. plantarum on intestinal and immunological parameters in broilers. Materials and methods: 240 Ross-308-AP chickens (one day old) were fed with or without the addition of a probiotic, under the following model: without probiotic (T0); with commercial probiotic (T1); with probiotic containing either microencapsulated (T2) or non-microencapsulated (T3) L. plantarum. ATCC-8014 was microencapsulated by spray drying, assessing its viability in (%). Alcian blue, scanning microscopy, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate intestinal, morpho-histopathological, and immunological parameters. Microbial abundance was quantified by UFC/ml. Results: Microencapsulation of L. plantarum induced an 88.1% in vivo viability. T2 treatment improved both immunological parameters and the intestinal population of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus) (9.13x105 UFC/ml), which was significantly higher than that found in T1 (8.91x105), T3 (8.23x105), and control T0 (9.18x104), (p<0.05). Conclusion: Adding microencapsulated L. plantarum to chicken feed improves immunological parameters and increases the population of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal microbiota.


Subject(s)
Functional Food , Lactobacillus , Bacteria , Probiotics , Microbiota
2.
Infectio ; 24(2): 81-87, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1114845

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudiar los polimorfismos IL1B-511 y TNF-A-308 asociaciados a lesiones precursoras de cáncer gástrico (CG) en una población infectada con Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) de bajo riesgo de CG de Nariño. Material y método: De 105 pacientes con síntomas de dispepsia se incluyeron 81 infectados por H. pylori, (n=63) con gastritis no atrófica y (n=18) con lesiones precursoras de CG de Tumaco: población de bajo riesgo de CG. Las lesiones gástricas se clasificaron por el sistema de Sydney y H. pylori por tinción de Giemsa. Los polimorfismos de IL1B-511 y TNF-A-308 se genotipificaron por PCR-RFLP's. Los polimorfismos y su asociación con lesiones gastricas se evaluaron por análisis bivariado y regresión logística binomial. Resultados: Los pacientes portadores del alelo mutante T (IL-1B-511) no se encontraron a riesgo de lesiones precursoras de malignidad (OR=0,7). No se calculó el OR para TNF-A-308, por fijación del alelo normal G. Ser hombre y estar infectado por H. pylori incrementa 4,3 veces el riesgo de presentar lesiones precursoras de CG y no estar vinculado al régimen de salud aumenta 6,7 veces el riesgo de atrofia gástrica, (OR=4,27 y OR=6,72), respectivamente. Conclusión: El alelo mutante T (IL-1B-511) es un biomarcador de resistencia de los pobladores de Tumaco, de bajo riesgo de CG e infectados con H. pylori a padecer lesiones precursoras de CG.


Aim: To study the IL1B-511 and TNF-A-308 polymorphisms and their possible association with gastric cancer (GC) precursor lesions in a population infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) of low risk area of GC of Nariño. Material/method: 105 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia were included, 81 infected with H. pylori, (n=63) with non-atrophic gastritis and (n=18) with precursor lesions of GC of Tumaco: population of low risk of GC. Gastric lesions were classified by the Sydney System an H. pylori by Giemsa staining. The IL1B-511 and TNFA-308 polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLPs. Polymorphisms and their association with gastric lesions were evaluated by bivariate analysis and binomial logistic regression. Results: Patients carryng the mutant T allele (IL-1B-511) were not at risk of precursor lesions of malignancy (OR=0,7). The OR was not calculated for TNF-A-308, by fixing the normal allele G. Being a man and being infected with H. pylori increases 4,3 times the risk of presenting precursor lesions of GC and not being linked to the health regimen increases 6,7 times the risk of gastric atrophy, (OR=4,27 and OR=6,72), respectively. Conclusion: The mutant T allele (IL-1B-511) is a resistance biomarker of Tumaco residents, low risk of GC and infected with H. pylori to suffer precursor lesions of GC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Helicobacter pylori , Stomach Neoplasms , Risk Factors , Colombia , Alleles , Mutation
3.
Case reports (Universidad Nacional de Colombia. En línea) ; 4(1): 19-29, ene.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-989564

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is a pathology that affects the neuronal environment depending on the types of seizure and their duration. Case presentation. This paper presents the case of a 7-year old child presenting with super-refractory status epilepticus and multifocal seizures. Metabolic, structural, infectious, toxicological and autoimmune causes were discarded, while different anticonvulsive agents were administered without any clinical improvement; seizures were controlled 6 weeks after admission to ICU. A 12-year follow-up was performed, during which time the patient presented recurrent status epilepticus with autonomic seizures and progressive cognitive decline. Discussion: This type of status epilepticus is part of the syndrome known as Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES), a possibly autoimmune form of epileptic encephalopathy that is refractory to acute and chronic management. There is no report in the literature that includes long term follow-up, therefore, there is no actual consensus about the appropriate management of the chronic phase of the disease. Conclusion: FIRES must be considered as one of the possible etiologies of super-refractory status epilepticus, so early management strategies (like ketogenic diet) can be used in order to achieve control of the critically ill patient, control long term seizures and improve cognitive outcomes, having as the final result a positive impact on the quality of life of the patient.


RESUMEN Introducción: El estado epiléptico superrefractario (EES) es una patología con importante morbimortalidad que afecta el ambiente neuronal según el tipo y duración de las crisis. Presentación del caso: Se presenta el caso de un escolar con estado epiléptico superrefractario y crisis multifocales. Se descartaron causas metabólicas, estructurales, infecciosas, toxicológicas y autoinmunes y se utilizaron diferentes manejos anticonvulsivantes sin respuesta, lográndose control de las crisis 6 semanas después del ingreso a UCI. Se realizó un seguimiento de 12 años, periodo en el que el paciente presentó múltiples recaídas del estado epiléptico asociadas a la presencia de epilepsia refractaria con múltiples tipos de crisis, en su mayoría vegetativas; además se dio involución cognitiva. Discusión: Esta forma de estado epiléptico corresponde al síndrome de estado epiléptico facilitado por fiebre (FIRES), entidad de posible origen inmunológico conocida por ser refractaria al tratamiento agudo y al manejo crónico de la epilepsia y que se presenta como secuela. Su evolución no se ha descrito a largo plazo y por tanto no hay consenso sobre el manejo en la fase crónica. Conclusión: Es importante considerar esta etiología en estado epiléptico superrefractario para utilizar de forma temprana diferentes estrategias terapéuticas, como la dieta cetogénica, que permitan, por un lado, controlar su condición crítica y las crisis epilépticas a largo plazo y, por el otro, mejorar el pronóstico cognitivo, logrando así un impacto en la calidad de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Epilepsy , Child , Fever , Drug Resistant Epilepsy
4.
Infectio ; 14(3): 163-164, sep. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635639

ABSTRACT

En este número de la Revista se publica un artículo sobre "La Comisión Reed y el origen del Consentimiento Informado" que es una completa revisión histórica sobre los experimentos en voluntarios realizados para dilucidar el modo de transmisión de la Fiebre Amarilla, una de las enfermedades epidémicas que asolaban los puertos del continente americano y del Caribe en el Siglo XIX. El documento que firmaban los voluntarios que se sometían a las experimentaciones es el origen del consentimiento informado que aún hoy en día es la piedra angular de la ética en la experimeción clinica y epidemiologica


This issue of the Journal contains an article on "The Reed Commission and the origin of Informed Consent", which is a complete historical review of the experiments on volunteers carried out to elucidate the mode of transmission of Yellow Fever, one of the epidemic diseases that ravaged the ports of the American continent and the Caribbean in the 19th century. The document signed by the volunteers who underwent the experiments is the origin of the informed consent that is still today the cornerstone of ethics in experimentation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Science , Ethics , Ethics/history , History
6.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(supl.1): 17-30, July 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-520863

ABSTRACT

Chagas disease, named after Carlos Chagas, who first described it in 1909, exists only on the American Continent. It is caused by a parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans by blood-sucking triatomine bugs and via blood transfusion. Chagas disease has two successive phases: acute and chronic. The acute phase lasts six-eight weeks. Several years after entering the chronic phase, 20-35% of infected individuals, depending on the geographical area, will develop irreversible lesions of the autonomous nervous system in the heart, oesophagus and colon, and of the peripheral nervous system. Data on the prevalence and distribution of Chagas disease improved in quality during the 1980s as a result of the demographically representative cross-sectional studies in countries where accurate information was not previously available. A group of experts met in Brasilia in 1979 and devised standard protocols to carry out countrywide prevalence studies on human T. cruzi infection and triatomine house infestation. Thanks to a coordinated multi-country programme in the Southern Cone countries, the transmission of Chagas disease by vectors and via blood transfusion was interrupted in Uruguay in 1997, in Chile in 1999 and in Brazil in 2006; thus, the incidence of new infections by T. cruzi across the South American continent has decreased by 70 percent. Similar multi-country initiatives have been launched in the Andean countries and in Central America and rapid progress has been reported towards the goal of interrupting the transmission of Chagas disease, as requested by a 1998 Resolution of the World Health Assembly. The cost-benefit analysis of investment in the vector control programme in Brazil indicates that there are savings of US$17 in medical care and disabilities for each dollar spent on prevention, showing that the programme is a health investment with very high return. Many well-known research institutions in Latin America...


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Health Policy , Insect Vectors , Insect Control/methods , National Health Programs , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Chagas Disease/transmission , Incidence , Insect Control/economics , Latin America/epidemiology , Prevalence
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 98(5): 577-591, July 2003. mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-344274

ABSTRACT

Chagas disease, named after Carlos Chagas who first described it in 1909, exists only on the American Continent. It is caused by a parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted to humans by blood-sucking triatomine bugs and by blood transfusion. Chagas disease has two successive phases, acute and chronic. The acute phase lasts 6 to 8 weeks. After several years of starting the chronic phase, 20 percent to 35 percent of the infected individuals, depending on the geographical area will develop irreversible lesions of the autonomous nervous system in the heart, esophagus, colon and the peripheral nervous system. Data on the prevalence and distribution of Chagas disease improved in quality during the 1980's as a result of the demographically representative cross-sectional studies carried out in countries where accurate information was not available. A group of experts met in Brasília in 1979 and devised standard protocols to carry out countrywide prevalence studies on human T. cruzi infection and triatomine house infestation. Thanks to a coordinated multi-country program in the Southern Cone countries the transmission of Chagas disease by vectors and by blood transfusion has been interrupted in Uruguay in1997, in Chile in 1999, and in 8 of the 12 endemic states of Brazil in 2000 and so the incidence of new infections by T. cruzi in the whole continent has decreased by 70 percent. Similar control multi-country initiatives have been launched in the Andean countries and in Central America and rapid progress has been recorded to ensure the interruption of the transmission of Chagas disease by 2005 as requested by a Resolution of the World Health Assembly approved in 1998. The cost-benefit analysis of the investments of the vector control program in Brazil indicate that there are savings of US$17 in medical care and disabilities for each dollar spent on prevention, showing that the program is a health investment with good return. Since the inception in 1979 of the Steering Committee on Chagas Disease of the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases of the World Health Organization (TDR), the objective was set to promote and finance research aimed at the development of new methods and tools to control this disease. The well known research institutions in Latin America were the key elements of a world wide network of laboratories that received - on a competitive basis - financial support for projects in line with the priorities established...


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Chagas Disease , Health Planning , Insect Vectors , Trypanosoma cruzi , Chagas Disease , Endemic Diseases , Health Planning , Incidence , Insect Control , Latin America , Mexico , Pan American Health Organization , Prevalence
8.
Medicina (Bogotá) ; 22(53): 84-88, ago. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-307183

ABSTRACT

Alrededor de 18 millones de personas estaban infectadas en América Latina con el parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, causante de la epidemia de Chagas. Estudios de prevalencia hechos en la década de los 80, mostraron además que un 25/100 de estas personas desarrollaron lesiones caerdíacas crónicas y digestivas irreversibles. La Organización Mundial de la Salud y el Banco Mundial vienen adelantando investigaciones por cerca de un cuarto de siglo, conducentes al control y eventual eliminación de esta patología en el sub-continente. Este artículo enumera las actividades referentes a la enfermedad de Chagas y que se denominan iniciativas del Cono Sur, de los países andinos y de los países centroamericanos.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease , Latin America
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 59(supl.2): 120-4, 1999. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-242245

ABSTRACT

Los datos epidemiológicos y entomológicos y las tendencias observadas en la disminución de la incidencia de infección en grupos etáreos jóvenes, indican que solo noventa años después de haber sido descrita la Enfermedad de Chagas, el control de la transmisión vectorial y transfusional ha reducido la incidencia de esta enfermedad en un 70 por ciento en los países del Cono Sur (Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay), gracias al compromiso político y financiero de los Ministerios de Salud de los países afectados que han invertido U$S 340 millones desde 1991 hasta el momento para financiar estas actividades. Las iniciativas para la interrupción de la transmisión vectorial y transfusional en los países Andinos y en Centro América han iniciado sus actividades en 1997 y su evolución permite proyectar una completa interrupción de la transmisión de la Enfermedad de Chagas en esta áreas antes del año 2010, cumpliéndose así con el mandato de la Resolución WHA. 52.14 de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud de Mayo de 1998.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Chagas Disease/transmission , Communicable Disease Control , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Incidence , National Health Programs , Prevalence , South America/epidemiology
12.
Medicina (Bogotá) ; (35): 41-48, fev. 1995.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-307145

ABSTRACT

La experiencia del Comité de Orientación sobre la Enfermedad de Chagas en la coordinación y financiación de la investigación básica y aplicada durante el período 1978-1991, las actividades de apoyo directo a los países por parte de la Unidad de Enfermedades Tropicales (HPT) de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana (OPS) y los decisivos avances en el control de la transmisión vectorial alcanzados por algunos países como Argentina, Brasil, Uruguay y Venezuela se han conjugado para intentar un paso decisivo: la eliminación de la infección por T. cruzi transmitida por vectores y por transfusión sanguínea en el continente en la próxima década


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease , Communicable Disease Control , Research , Latin America
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