Intellectual functioning of adults with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder

The purpose of present research was to evaluate the intellectual functioning of adults suffering from Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder. After detailed literature review it was hypothesized that the mean full scale IQ score of adult with schizophrenia will be lower than the mean full scale IQ score of adults with Major Depressive Disorder. In order to test this hypothesis a sample of 60 [30 in each group, of both gender] individuals were selected from respected psychiatric clinics and hospitals of Karachi-Pakistan. The age range was from 16 to 50 years with the mean age of 36 years [SD=8.2]]. Their educational level was Intermediate to Masters. Their Diagnosis was taken from the concerned flies from their hospitals from both in and out patients department of the hospitals. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [WAIS-R, Wechsler, 1981] was administered to assess and measure the intellectual functioning of the patients after administration of a Case history sheet [intake card and case History sheet of Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi]. In order to interpret the results in statistical terminology t-test was computed. Result was consistent with the hypothesis that significant difference of mean IQ score was found between adults with Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia [t=3.15, df=58, p<.001]

Emotional indicators on human figure drawing of juvenile delinquents and non-delinquents

To evaluate emotional indicators in Drawings of juvenile delinquent and non-delinquent boys on Human Figure Drawing Test. Analytic Descriptive Study Karachi, Pakistan from 2005 January to 2006 January. After literature review it was hypothesized that Emotional indicators on Human Figure Drawing would more frequently occur in drawings of Delinquent boys than non delinquent boys. The sample consisted of 40 boys [20 delinquent and 20 non delinquent]. Delinquent boys were selected from the Remand home, Nazimabad, Karachi. While non delinquents boys were selected from different areas of Karachi. Both groups were matched on the variables of age, educational level and socio economic status. The age range of the both group [juvenile delinquent and non delinquent] was from 10 to 17 years, they belonged to lower socio economic status and their educational level was at least of 5[th] grade. Intake Card and Case history Sheet of Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi and Human Figure Drawing Test [HFD; Koppitz,] were administered individually. Percentage method of descriptive statistics was applied. It was found that. emotional indicators of poor integration, monster no mouth and no neck occurred more frequently in drawings of delinquent boys [70%, 50%, 40%,and 80% respectively] as compared to non delinquents [15%, 0%, 0% and 45%]. Crossed Eyes, genitals, three figure and clouds were the least frequent indicators in both delinquent and non delinquent boys [0%]. Juvenile delinquent boys do suffer from emotional disturbances; they appear to be impulsive, immature, has poor inner control, withdrawal and poor self concept. They also appear to have feelings of anxiety, insecurity as compared to non delinquent boys