ABSTRACT
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates energy metabolism, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and exerts its actions mainly through the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1). Likewise, autophagy is involved in several cellular processes. It is required for the normal development of muscle mass and metabolism, and its deregulation is associated with diseases. It is known that the CB1 regulates signaling pathways that control autophagy, however, it is currently unknown whether the ECS could regulate autophagy in the skeletal muscle of obese mice. This study aimed to investigate the role of the CB1 in regulating autophagy in skeletal muscle. We found concomitant deregulation in the ECS and autophagy markers in high-fat diet-induced obesity. In obese CB1-KO mice, the autophagy-associated protein LC3 II does not accumulate when mTOR and AMPK phosphorylation levels do not change. Acute inhibition of the CB1 with JD-5037 decreased LC3 II protein accumulation and autophagic flux. Our results suggest that the CB1 regulates autophagy in the tibialis anterior skeletal muscle in both lean and obese mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cannabinoids/metabolism , Autophagy/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, ObeseABSTRACT
Objective: To describe body mass index (BMI), body composition, basal metabolic rate, physical condition and the relation-ship between them in Chilean kindergarten teachers. Subjects and Methods: 46 teachers (age 39,5 ± 8,6) from the Bio Bio province(Chile) were weighed and heighted and BMI was measured. In addition, fat mass, lean and bone percentages, basal metabolic rate, muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured. Results: The teachers had an average BMI of overweight (26,7 ± 3,5) and a high fat percentage (35,1 ± 5,9) according to national reference values. 58,7%were overweight and moderately obese. When teachers were compared according BMI, teachers with obesity had on average a higher percentage of fat mass (P =,000), less lean mass (P = ,000), took more time to complete the UKK test (P = ,035 ) and had a lower vo2max (P = ,001) than normal weight teachers. BMI had a negative association in relation to scores of the physical performance test. Conclusions: The overweight/obese teachers had more fat mass, reduced muscle mass and had worse results on fitness tests. Condition worrying thinking about the important role in modeling healthy habits to preschoolers.
Objetivo: Describir el índice de masa corporal (IMC), composición corporal, la tasa metabólica basal, condición física y su relación en educadoras de párvulos chilenas. Sujetos y Métodos: 46 educadoras (edad 39,5±8,6) de la provincia de Bio-Bio (Chile) se pesaron, midieron y se obtuvo su IMC. Se midió el porcentaje de masa grasa, magra, ósea, tasa metabólica basal, fuerza explosiva y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Resultados: Las educadoras tuvieron un IMC promedio de sobrepeso (26,7±3,5) y un elevado porcentaje de grasa (35,1±5,9) de acuerdo a referencias nacionales. El 58,7% de ellas presentó sobrepeso y obesidad moderada. Cuando se comparó por IMC, las educadoras con obesidad presentaron en promedio un mayor porcentaje de masa grasa (P =,000), menor de masa magra (P =,000), demoraron más tiempo en terminar el UKK test (P =,035) y tuvieron un menor vo2max (P =,001) en comparación a las educadoras con normopeso. El IMC se asoció negativamente a los test de rendimiento físico. Conclusión: Las maestras con sobrepeso/obesidad presentaron más masa grasa, menos masa muscular y peores resultados en las pruebas de condición física. Condición preocupante pensando en su importante rol modelando hábitos de vida saludables en los prescolares.