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1.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 25(1): 108-114, Jan.-Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154414

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction At the time of diagnosis, treatment strategies for cancer are largely based upon clinical staging. However, discrepancy between clinical and pathological staging has been reported. Objective To assess the rate of staging discrepancy in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LHSCC), the potential influence of higher interval of time from diagnosis to primary surgical treatment, and whether this has any impact on survival outcomes. Methods Retrospective study of patients with LHSCC proposed for primary surgical treatment. Results The study population included 125 Caucasian patients with LHSCC. The level of agreement between clinical and pathological tumor staging was moderate (Cohen's Kappa: 0.400; p < 0.001) and similar result was found for node staging (Cohen' Kappa: 0.520; p < 0.001). The mean time between diagnosis and surgical treatment was 26.66 days and no statistically significant influence was found with staging discrepancy. The sample presented a 5-year Overall Survival (OS) of 58.2% and a Disease-specific survival (DSS) of 72.6%. No statistically significant impact of staging discrepancy on survival was found. Conclusion For advanced LHSCC, based on the findings of physical examination, endoscopy and imaging, is possible to achieve a moderate accuracy between clinical and pathological staging which allows a reliable counselling and treatment planning. Interval of time under 3-4 weeks between diagnosis and surgical treatment does not influence the rate of discrepancy. However, almost 30% of staging discrepancy is expected due to false negatives of imaging and limitations of physical exams.

2.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 22(4): 443-448, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975606

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Hypopharyngeal tumors are head and neck malignancies associated with a great mortality rate, and the treatment of advanced lesions constitutes a challenging problem. Pharyngolaryngectomy continues to be the gold standard treatment modality for locally-advanced diseases, and it is currently used as the primary treatment or in cases of relapse after an organ preservation strategy. Objective This study aims to compare the survival rates of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal tumors treated with pharyngolaryngectomy as a primary or salvage option, and identify possible prognostic factors. Methods All patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas who performed pharyngolaryngectomy between 2007 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Results A total of 87 patients fulfilled the aforementioned criteria, and the sample had a mean age of 57.2 years and a male predominance of 43:1. The tumors were located in the pyriform sinus walls (81 tumors), in the posterior pharyngeal wall (4 tumors) and in the postcricoid region (2 tumors). A total of 60 patients underwent surgery as the primary treatment option, and 27 were submitted to salvage pharyngolaryngectomy after a previous treatment with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy. The 5-year overall survival was of 25.9%, the 5-year disease-free survival was of 24.2%, and the disease-specific survival was of 29.5%. Conclusion The patients treated with pharyngolaryngectomy as the primary option revealed a better 5-year-disease free survival than the patients who underwent the salvage surgery (35.8% versus 11.7% respectively; p< 0.05). The histopathological criteria of capsular rupture of the lymph nodes (30.1% versus 19.8% respectively for the primary and salvage groups; p< 0.05) and vascular invasion (30.5% versus 22.5% respectively; p< 0.05) reduced the 5-year disease-free survival. Pharyngolaryngectomy as the primary intent revealed a lower local recurrence rate than the salvage surgery (40.6% versus 83.3% respectively; p< 0.05).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Pharyngectomy , Prognosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Survival Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Laryngectomy
3.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 82(4): 479-483, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794993

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Malignant tumors of the temporal bone are rare, with an estimated incidence of about 0.8-1.0 per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year. The vast majority of these tumors are squamous cell carcinomas and their treatment is eminently surgical. OBJECTIVE: This study is an attempt at systematizing the forms of clinical presentation, the therapeutic possibilities, and oncological outcomes of patients with malignant tumors of the temporal bone in a tertiary hospital in Portugal. METHODS: The authors present a retrospective study of temporal bone tumors treated and followed during otorhinolaryngology consultations between 2004 and 2014. A review of the literature is also included. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients included in the study, 16 had a primary tumor of the temporal bone, in most cases with squamous cell carcinoma histology. Of these, 13 patients were treated with curative intent that always included the surgical approach. Disease persistence was observed in one patient and local recurrence in five patients, on average 36.8 months after the initial treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical complexity of the temporal bone and the close associations with vital structures make it difficult to perform tumor resection with margins of safety and thus, tumor relapses are almost always local. A high level of suspicion is crucial for early diagnosis, and stringent and prolonged follow-up after treatment is essential for diagnosis and timely treatment of recurrances.


Resumo Introdução: Os tumores malignos do osso temporal são raros, com uma incidência estimada de cerca de 0,8-1 por milhão de habitantes por ano. A grande maioria são carcinomas espinocelulares e o seu tratamento é eminentemente cirúrgico. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo tentar sistematizar as formas de apresentação clínica, as possibilidades terapêuticas e os resultados oncológicos de doentes com tumores malignos do osso temporal num hospital terciário em Portugal. Método: Os autores apresentam um estudo retrospectivo de tumores do osso temporal tratados e acompanhados em consultas de otorrinolaringologia entre 2004 e 2014. É também apresentada uma revisão da literatura. Resultados: Dos 18 doentes incluídos no estudo, 16 apresentavam um tumor primário do osso temporal, na maioria dos casos com histologia de carcinoma espinocelular. Destes, 13 doentes foram submetidos a tratamento com intuito curativo que incluiu sempre uma abordagem cirúrgica. Verificou-se persistência da doença em 1 doente e recidiva local em 5 doentes, em média 36,8 meses após o tratamento inicial. Conclusões: A complexidade anatómica do osso temporal e as estreitas relações com estruturas de importância vital tornam difícil a exérese tumoral com margens de segurança, pelo que as recidivas tumorais são quase sempre locais. Um nível de suspeição elevado é fundamental para um diagnóstico precoce e o seguimento rigoroso e prolongado após o tratamento é essencial para o diagnóstico e tratamento oportuno das recidivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Skull Neoplasms/diagnosis , Temporal Bone , Skull Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Disease-Free Survival , Neoplasm Staging
4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 81(4): 394-401, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-758010

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Pharyngocutaneous fistula after larynx and hypopharynx cancer surgery can cause several damages. This study's aim was to derive a clinical decision rule to predict pharyngocutaneous fistula development after pharyngolaryngeal cancer surgery.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including all patients performing total laryngectomy/pharyngolaryngectomy (n = 171). Association between pertinent variables and pharyngocutaneous fistula development was assessed and a predictive model proposed.RESULTS: American Society of Anesthesiologists scale, chemoradiotherapy, and tracheotomy before surgery were associated with fistula in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only American Society of Anesthesiologists maintained statistical significance. Using logistic regression, a predictive model including the following was derived: American Society of Anesthesiologists, alcohol, chemoradiotherapy, tracheotomy, hemoglobin and albumin pre-surgery, local extension, N-classification, and diabetes mellitus. The model's score area under the curve was 0.76 (95% CI 0.64-0.87). The high-risk group presented specificity of 93%, positive likelihood ratio of 7.10, and positive predictive value of 76%. Including the medium-low, medium-high, and high-risk groups, a sensitivity of 92%, negative likelihood ratio of 0.25, and negative predictive value of 89% were observed.CONCLUSION: A clinical decision rule was created to identify patients with high risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula development. Prognostic accuracy measures were substantial. Nevertheless, it is essential to conduct larger prospective studies for validation and refinement.


INTRODUÇÃO: Fístula faringocutânea após cirurgia de câncer de laringe e hipofaringe causa diversos danos. Nosso objetivo foi derivar uma regra de decisão clínica (RDC) para predizer o desenvolvimento da fístula faringocutânea após cirurgia.MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluindo todos os pacientes submetidos à laringectomia total e faringolaringectomia (n = 171). Analisou-se a associação entre as variáveis pertinentes e o desenvolvimento da fístula e foi proposto um modelo preditivo.RESULTADOS: Na análise univariada, a ASA, quimioradioterapia (QRT) e traqueostomia antes da cirurgia foram associadas à fístula. Na análise multivariada, somente a ASA manteve-se estatisticamente significante. Por regressão logística, derivamos um modelo preditivo incluindo: ASA, álcool, QRT, traqueostomia, hemoglobina e albumina pré-operatórias, extensão local, N, DM. A curva ROC do modelo foi 0,76 (95% CI 0,64−0,87). O grupo de alto risco teve especificidade 93%, Likelihood positivo 7,10 e valor preditivo positivo 76%. Incluindo os grupos de médio baixo, médio alto e alto risco, temos sensibilidade de 92%, Likelihood negativo 0,25 e valor preditivo positivo 89%.CONCLUSÃO: Criamos uma RDC para identificar os pacientes de alto risco ao desenvolvimento da fístula faringocutânea. As medidas de acurácia prognóstica foram substanciais. Entretanto, é essencial conduzir estudos prospectivos maiores para validação/refinamento do modelo.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cutaneous Fistula/etiology , Laryngectomy/adverse effects , Pharyngeal Diseases/etiology , Analysis of Variance , Cohort Studies , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
5.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 80(2): 167-177, Mar-Apr/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-709519

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Fístula faringocutânea é uma das maiores complicações pós-operatórias de laringectomia total e faringolaringectomia, podendo causar graves efeitos adversos ao paciente e à sociedade. Nosso objetivo é identificar todos os fatores preditivos e as classificações do risco descrito para a formação da fístula. Método: Pesquisa racional foi realizada para identificação de todos os estudos sobre fatores preditivos e classificações/probabilidade de risco ao desenvolvimento da fistula faringocutânea, publicados até abril de 2012 (n = 846). Os estudos incluídos foram analisados e os dados, a identificação, a qualidade metodológica e os resultados foram registrados. Resultados: Um total de 39 estudos foi incluído. As variáveis relacionadas foram deficiência nutricional, ASA, alto consumo de álcool, anemia e hipoalbuminemia, comorbilidades, N avançado, localização/extensão do tumor primário, tratamentos pré- cirúrgicos radioterapia/ quimioradioterapia, traqueostomia de emergência, status das margens cirúrgicas, duração da cirurgia, experiência do cirurgião, complicações locais da ferida cirúrgica, transfusão de sangue intraoperatória e relação entre sonda nasogástrica e alimentação oral. Conclusão: Nos estudos, muitos fatores de risco são associados ao desenvolvimento da fístula faringocutânea. Entretanto, ainda não existe um consenso sobre a seleção dos fatores mais influentes. Foram encontrados somente dois sistemas de classificações de riscos, e nenhum deles foi preditivo do desenvolvimento da fístula faringocutânea. .


Objective: Pharyngocutaneous fistula is considered one of the major complications in the postoperative period after total laryngectomy/pharyngolaryngectomy, leading to a severe adverse impact for the patient and society. This study aimed to identify all the described pharyngocutaneous fistula predictive factors and risk classifications. Methods: Research was conducted to identify all the studies assessing predictive factors and risk classification for pharyngocutaneous fistula development published until April of 2012 (n = 846). The included studies were analyzed and data regarding their identification, methodological quality and results were recorded. Results: A total of 39 studies were included. The variables consistently reported as associated with fistula development were nutritional deficiency, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, high consumption of alcohol, anemia and hypoalbuminemia, co-morbidities, advanced N stage, location and extent of primary tumor, pre-radiotherapy and pre-chemoradiotherapy treatment, emergency tracheotomy, surgical margin status, surgery's duration, surgeon's experience, local complications of the wound, performance of intraoperative blood transfusion and relationship between nasogastric tube and oral feeding. Conclusion: Several risk factors were associated with pharyngocutaneous fistula formation in the included studies. However, there is still no consensus in the most pertinent selection. Only two classification systems were retrieved and they were not able to accurately predict pharyngocutaneous fistula. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Cutaneous Fistula/etiology , Laryngectomy/adverse effects , Pharyngeal Diseases/etiology , Risk Factors
6.
Coluna/Columna ; 12(3): 189-191, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-694033

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliação dos resultados a longo prazo da artroplastia de disco cervical (ADC) e comparação com fusão no tratamento da hérnia discal. MÉTODOS: Seleccionados pacientes com radiculopatia por hérnia discal cervical a um nível sucessivamente submetidos a ADC entre Junho de 2003 e Julho de 2006 (grupo artroplastia). Realizada avaliação radiográfica e clínica no pré-operatório, ao fim de um ano, e pelo menos cinco anos após o procedimento. Como controlo foi utilizado grupo submetido a descompressão e artrodese anterior, operado no mesmo período (grupo fusão), avaliado no tempo final de seguimento. RESULTADOS: 22 pacientes do grupo artroplastia e 12 do grupo fusão, com tempo de seguimento médio de 5.4 anos. Na primeira avaliação obteve-se uma mobilidade média de 8,8º (2,2º-22º), tendo esta diminuído em média 3,6º (-18º-3,8º) à data final de seguimento. À data de seguimento final, 28% dos doentes inicialmente submetidos a artroplastia perderam a mobilidade pretendida; o NDI foi de 21% no grupo artroplastia vs 36,5% no grupo fusão (p=0,008); registou-se tendência para EVA cervical (2,9 vs 4,6) e braquial (2,8 vs 4,9) mais baixo no grupo artroplastia (p>0,05). Não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as duas artroplastias utilizadas no que respeita a mobilidade, scores funcionais, ou complicações. Todos os pacientes do grupo artroplastia repetiriam o procedimento para apenas 67% do grupo fusão (p=0,021). CONCLUSÕES: Ambas as técnicas demonstraram ser seguras e eficazes no tratamento da hérnia discal cervical. A perda da mobilidade não teve repercussão clínica. O grupo artroplastia demonstrou ligeira superioridade nos resultados funcionais.


OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of long-term results of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and comparison with fusion in the treatment of disc herniation. METHODS: Patients with cervical radiculopathy due to single level disc herniation submitted to CDA between June 2003 and July 2006 (arthroplasty group). Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed preoperatively, after one year and at least five years after the procedure. A fusion group, who underwent anterior decompression and fusion in the same period, was used as control and was evaluated at final follow-up. RESULTS: 22 patients in the arthroplasty group and 12 in the fusion group, with mean follow-up of 5.4 years. In the first evaluation we obtained an average mobility of 8.8° (range 2.2°-22°), and this decreased on average 3.6º (range-18º-3.8º) to the final date of follow-up. At the time of final follow-up, 28% of patients who initially underwent arthroplasty lost the desired mobility; the NDI was 21% in the arthroplasty group vs 36.5% in the fusion group (p=0.008); there was a tendency for a lower cervical (2.9 vs 4.6) and arm VAS (2.8 vs 4.9) in the arthroplasty group (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two arthroplasties used with respect to mobility, functional scores, or complications. All patients in the arthroplasty group would repeat the procedure in comparison to only 67% of the fusion group (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques proved to be effective in the treatment of cervical disc herniation. The loss of mobility was not clinically significant.The arthroplasty group showed slightly superior results in the functional outcomes.


OBJETIVO: Evaluación de los resultados a largo plazo de la artroplastia de disco cervical (ADC) y comparación con la fusión en el tratamiento de la hernia discal. MÉTODOS: Seleccionados pacientes con radiculopatía por hernia discal cervical a un nivel, sometidos sucesivamente a ADC entre junio de 2003 y julio de 2006 (grupo de artroplastia). Realizadas evaluaciones radiográfica y clínica en el preoperatorio, al fin de un año y por lo menos cinco años después del procedimiento. Como control, se consideró a un grupo sometido a descompresión y artrodesis anterior, operado en el mismo período (grupo de fusión), evaluado en el período final de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: 22 pacientes del grupo de artroplastia y 12 del grupo de fusión, con período promedio de seguimiento de 5,4 años. En la primera evaluación, se obtuvo una movilidad promedio de 8,8º (2,2º-22º), habiendo esta disminuido en promedio 3,6º (-18º-3,8º) a la fecha final del acompañamiento. En la fecha final del seguimiento, 28% de los enfermos, sometidos inicialmente a artroplastia, habían perdido la movilidad pretendida; el NDI fue 21% en el grupo de artroplastia vs 36,5% en el grupo de fusión (p=0,008); se registró tendencia para EVA cervical (2,9 vs 4,6) y braquial (2,8 vs 4,9) más bajo en el grupo de artroplastia (p>0,05). No se verificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dos artroplastias que se utilizaron, con respecto a movilidad, scores funcionales o complicaciones. Todos los pacientes del grupo de artroplastia repitieron el procedimiento, en comparación con solamente 67% del grupo de fusión (p=0,021). CONCLUSIONES: Ambas técnicas demostraron ser seguras y eficaces en el tratamiento de la hernia discal cervical. La pérdida de la movilidad no tuvo repercusión clínica. El grupo de artroplastia demostró una ligera superioridad en los resultados funcionales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroplasty , Arthrodesis , Spondylosis , Intervertebral Disc Displacement
7.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 15(1): 38-48, mar. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-618264

ABSTRACT

A importância das doenças oncológicas como causa de morbilidade e mortalidade está em crescimento, sendo reconhecido o seu impacto social e peso global pelos custos económicos e sociais envolvidos na sua prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação. As patologias oncológicas de cabeça e pescoço representam um dos seis tumores malignos mais prevalentes em todo o mundo, com um valor estimado de 900.000 novos casos diagnosticados anualmente em escala mundial. Estes doentes oncológicos apresentam deterioração de funções básicas que, quando percepcionadas, têm impacto negativo na sua Qualidade de Vida. Um registo oncológico adequado permite uma análise mais rigorosa dos resultados obtidos na avaliação da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde. Este estudo incluiu 380 doentes oncológicos de cabeça e pescoço e demonstra que as mulheres apresentam resultados de Qualidade de Vida globalmente inferiores. Salienta-se ainda a importância do diagnóstico precoce em oncologia, que se relaciona frequentemente com melhores scores e conclui-se que a localização do tumor tem impacto sobre a autopercepção de Qualidade de Vida. Os valores de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde devem ser interpretados à luz das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, para melhor se avaliar a Patologia Oncológica de Cabeça e Pescoço numa perspectiva epidemiológica no sentido de melhor compreender o processo saúde - doença.


The importance of oncology diseases as a cause of morbidity and mortality is increasing worldwide, and their social impact is being recognized due to economic and social costs involved in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Head and neck cancer is one of the six most prevalent neoplasms worldwide, with an estimated 900,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Regardless of tumor site, deterioration of basic functions affecting head and neck areas are perceived and affect patients' lives. Appropriate cancer registration may provide a better analysis of health-related quality of life outcomes. In this study, 380 head and neck cancer patients were evaluated. The study showed that women have lower overall Quality of Life results. It also emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, which often relates to stages with better prognosis and better Quality of Life outcomes. The study concluded that tumor location has an impact on Quality of Life self-perception. Values of Health Related Quality of Life should be analyzed along with socio-demographic and clinical variables in order to better understand the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of Head and Neck Cancer.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis , Quality of Life , Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology
8.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 76(3): 310-315, maio-jun. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554182

ABSTRACT

Several studies have been published concerning Epstein-barr virus (EBV) infection and nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) development. The incidences of histological types are different according to endemic or non-endemic regions. Latent EBV infection is found in almost all cases of NPC in endemic regions, but normally absent in type I carcinomas, more common in non-endemic regions. AIM: The purpose of this hospital-based study was to analyze the presence of EBV in nasopharyngeal tumor tissues and in peripheral blood of nasopharyngeal cancer patients and healthy individuals, in a low risk, non-endemic area. METHODS: EBV detection in samples of nasopharyngeal cancer patients and healthy individuals. RESULTS: This study indicates that the frequency of EBV positive cases in peripheral blood is higher in advanced tumor stages. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rates of NPC have a distinct distribution. Since the prevalence of this disease is low in occidental countries, little is known about the biology of these tumors in non-endemic areas. We observed statistically significant differences in EBV detection between the NPC patient group and the control group. This study may help to understand the biological mechanisms of NPC and the correlation of EBV infection with this disease, in a low risk, non-endemic region.


Têm sido publicados vários estudos acerca da infecção por Epstein-Barr vírus (EBV) e o desenvolvimento de carcinoma da nasofaringe (NPC). As prevalências dos tipos histológicos e a presença de infecção latente pelo EBV são diferentes em regiões endémicas e não endémicas. OBJETIVO: O objectivo deste estudo consistiu na detecção de EBV em tecido tumoral da nasofaringe e sangue periférico de doentes com NPC e em indivíduos saudáveis, provenientes duma área não-endémica, de baixo risco. MÉTODOS: Detecção de EBV em amostras de doentes com carcinoma da nasofaringe e indivíduos saudáveis. Neste estudo de série foram avaliadas as implicações clínicas da presença de EBV circulante no sangue periférico de doentes com carcinoma da nasofaringe. RESULTADOS: Este estudo indica que a frequência de casos EBV positivos detectados no sangue periférico é superior em tumores de estádio mais avançado. CONCLUSÕES: Estes resultados indicam que se observam diferenças na pesquisa do vírus Epstein-Barr no grupo de doentes com NPC e no grupo controlo, sem tumor. Este estudo pode ajudar na compreensão dos mecanismos biológicos do cancro da nasofaringe e da correlação destes tumores com a infecção por EBV numa área não-endémica, de baixo risco.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , DNA, Viral/analysis , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis , /isolation & purification , Case-Control Studies , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Young Adult
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