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1.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 47(2): 359-373, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154467

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (M0 CRPC) has seen important developments in drugs and diagnostic tools in the last two years. New hormonal agents have demonstrated improvement in metastasis free survival in M0 CRPC patients and have been approved by regulatory agencies in Brazil. Additionally, newer and more sensitive imaging tools are able to detect metastasis earlier than before, which will impact the percentage of patients staged as M0 CRPC. Based on the available international guidelines, a group of Brazilian urology and medical oncology experts developed and completed a survey on the diagnosis and treatment of M0 CRPC in Brazil. These results are reviewed and summarized and associated recommendations are provided. Objective: To present survey results on management of M0 CRPC in Brazil. Design, setting, and participants: A panel of six Brazilian prostate cancer experts determined 64 questions concerning the main areas of interest: 1) staging tools, 2) treatments, 3) side effects of systemic treatment/s, and 4) osteoclast-targeted therapy. A larger panel of 28 Brazilian prostate cancer experts answered these questions in order to create country-specific recommendations discussed in this manuscript. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The panel voted publicly but anonymously on the predefined questions. These answers are the panelists' opinions, not a literature review or meta-analysis. Therapies not yet approved in Brazil were excluded from answer options. Each question had five to seven relevant answers including two non-answers. Results were tabulated in real time. Conclusions: The results and recommendations presented can be used by Brazilian physicians to support the management of M0 CRPC patients. Individual clinical decision making should be supported by available data, however, for Brazil, guidelines for diagnosis and management of M0 CRPC patients have not been developed. This document will serve as a point of reference when confronting this disease stage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Physicians , Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy , Perception , Brazil , Treatment Outcome , Patient Selection , Consensus
2.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 71(1): 195-205, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-898378

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the available evidence in the literature on health-related quality of life in adults with sickle cell disease. Method: integrative review of MEDLINE, CUMED, LILACS and SciELO databases, from articles developed in this area, published between 2005 and 2015, in English, Portuguese or Spanish. Results: 22 articles were included, six scales were used to evaluate health-related quality of life scores: three generic and three specific. No specific scale for adults with sickle cell disease has been adapted to Brazilian Portuguese so far. Patients affected by frequent painful crises, with low adherence to treatment, had a compromised quality of life. Conclusion: Selected studies have shown that patients with sickle cell disease have worse scores than the general population. These indicators should be instrumental to the nurse in the proposal of interventions and strategies of assistance and socio-educational, with a view to improving the quality of life of this clientele.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre cualidad de vida relacionada a la salud en adultos con enfermedad falciforme. Método: revisión integradora en las bases de datos MEDLINE,CUMED,LILACS y SciELO, de artículos provenientes de estudios desarrollados en esta temática, publicados entre 2005 y 2015, en inglés, portugués o español. Resultados: fueron incluidos 22 artículos, siendo utilizadas seis escalas para evaluar las puntuaciones de cualidad de vida relacionada a la salud: tres genéricas y tres específicas. Ninguna escala específica para adultos con enfermedad falciforme fue adaptada para el portugués brasileño hasta el momento. Pacientes acometidos por crisis dolorosas frecuentes, con baja adhesión al tratamiento, presentaron comprometimiento de la cualidad de vida. Conclusión: Los estudios seleccionados evidenciaron que los pacientes con enfermedad falciforme tienen peores puntuaciones que la población en general. Esos indicadores deberían instrumentalizar el enfermero en la proposición de intervenciones y estrategias asistenciales y socioeducativas, con vistas a mejorar la cualidad de vida de esta clientela.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em adultos com doença falciforme. Método: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CUMED, LILACS e SciELO, de artigos provenientes de estudos desenvolvidos nesta temática, publicados entre 2005 a 2015, em inglês, português ou espanhol. Resultados: foram incluídos 22 artigos, sendo utilizadas seis escalas para avaliar os escores de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde: três genéricas e três específicas. Nenhuma escala específica para adultos com doença falciforme foi adaptada para o português brasileiro até o momento. Pacientes acometidos por crises dolorosas frequentes, com baixa adesão ao tratamento, apresentaram comprometimento da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Os estudos selecionados evidenciaram que os pacientes com doença falciforme têm piores escores do que a população em geral. Esses indicadores deveriam instrumentalizar o enfermeiro na proposição de intervenções e estratégias assistenciais e socioeducativas, com vistas a melhorar a qualidade de vida desta clientela.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Quality of Life/psychology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/psychology , Pain/etiology , Pain/epidemiology , Brazil , Depression/epidemiology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology
3.
J. coloproctol. (Rio J., Impr.) ; 34(4): 202-209, Oct-Dec/2014. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732570

ABSTRACT

Buschke-Loewenstein Tumor or giant condyloma acuminatum is a disease caused by a DNA virus, the self-inoculable human papilloma virus (HPV), being sexually transmitted. Histologically BLT is a benign tumor, but with malignant clinical behavior and a high propensity for local recurrence and malignant degeneration. The clinical picture consists of the presence of a cauliflower-like bulky condylomatous perianal mass with multiple fistulous tracts, which can cause great destruction of the anal canal, with invasion of adjacent tissues. Bleeding, foul odor, local pain and weight loss are also described. The diagnosis is established by biopsy, that should exclude the presence of malignant transformation, which occurs in 30-50% of cases. Associated with a biopsy, the hybridization test may be performed to diagnose HPV infection, especially subtypes 6 and 11, that are commonly related. The treatment of choice is radical surgical excision; however, those patients presenting with extensive fistulous lesions may require a temporary colostomy. Some authors advocate an abdominoperineal resection in cases of infiltration of the sphincter or rectum. This study was designed to evaluate the experience of the service of Coloproctology at a referral hospital in Northeastern Brazil with this rare entity, contributing to world literature in addressing this disease. (AU)


Tumor de Buschke-Loewenstein ou condiloma acuminado gigante é uma doença causada por um vírus de DNA, o papilomavírus humano (HPV), auto-inoculável, sendo transmi-tido sexualmente. Histologicamente, são tumores benignos, porém, de comportamento clínico maligno, apresentando alta propensão à recorrência local e a degeneração maligna. O quadro clínico consiste na presença de uma volumosa massa condilomatosa perianal, com aspecto de couve-flor, com numerosos trajetos fistulosos, podendo provocar grande destruição do canal anal e invasão dos tecidos adjacentes. Sangramento, odor fétido, dor local e perda ponderal são também descritos. O diagnóstico é feito por biópsia, que deve afastar a presença de transformação maligna, que ocorre em 30-50% dos casos. Associado à biópsia, pode ser realizado um teste de hibridização para diagnosticar a infecção por HPV, principalmente os subtipos 6 e 11 que são comumente relacionados. O tratamento de escolha é a excisão cirúrgica radical, entretanto, os pacientes que apresentam lesão extensa com fístula, podem requerer colostomia temporária. Alguns autores advogam a amputação abdominoperineal do reto nos casos de infiltração dos esfíncteres ou do reto. O estudo foi designado para se avaliar a experiência do serviço de coloproctologia de um hospital de referência no Nordeste brasileiro com esta rara entidade, contribuindo com a literatura mundial na abordagem desta enfermidade. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anal Canal/injuries , Perineum/injuries , Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor/diagnosis , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Verrucous/pathology
4.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(3 Supplement): 119-130, 2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-947536

ABSTRACT

A temperatura é importante para estudos com Rhizoctonia solani por ser um patógeno cosmopolita e polífago. Nas temperaturas adequadas o patógeno pode ser favorecido, o qual obtém sucesso no processo doença. Já em temperaturas inadequadas, o seu crescimento e desenvolvimento pode ser retardado. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da temperatura no crescimento micelial, na produção de escleródios e na patogenicidade de isolados de R. solani. Obtiveramse 18 isolados de plântulas de algodão, oriundos dos estados de Minas Gerais (8), Bahia (3), Goiás(2), Mato Grosso (4) e Mato Grosso do Sul (1), que foram testados nas temperaturas de 15°C, 18°C, 21°C, 24°C, 27°C e 30°C. Para o crescimento micelial, os isolados foram dispostos em placas de Petri (9 cm de diâmetro), contendo meio batata-dextroseágar. As placas foram acondicionadas em câmaras de germinação com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Realizaram-se medições ortogonais do diâmetro da colônia, diariamente, por 8 dias e quantificou-se o índice de crescimento micelial (ICM). As placas foram mantidas por três meses nas respectivas câmaras de crescimento para análise da produção de escleródios. Para a determinação de patogenicidade e a avaliação da severidade da doença, seguiu-se o método descrito por Oliveira et al. (2008). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à analise de variância. Houve interação significativa entre isolados e temperaturas. Quanto aos oito isolados de Minas Gerais, um apresentou maior ICM a 24ºC e três a 27°C, observando-se relação com o modelo quadrático. Três isolados apresentaram melhor ajuste ao modelo linear e um não diferiu estatisticamente para as temperaturas avaliadas. Os isolados de GO apresentaram maior ICM nas temperaturas de 24°C e 27°C. Para os isolados do MT, dois tiveram ajuste ao modelo linear, enquanto os outros dois tiveram ao modelo quadrático, nas temperaturas de 21°C e 24°C. Já o isolado do MS foi ajustado ao modelo quadrático a 27°C, enquanto todos os três isolados da BA foram ajustados ao modelo linear. O maior número de escleródios foi observado nas temperaturas de 15°C e 18ºC com exceção do isolado do MS, o qual obteve o maior número a 27ºC. Verificou-se que 14 isolados (6 de MG, 2 da BA, 2 de GO, 3 de MT e 1 de MS) apresentaram maior severidade entre 24°C e 27°C, ajustandose ao modelo quadrático, enquanto três isolados (2 de MG e 1 de MT) não diferiram significativamente para as temperaturas avaliadas e apenas um isolado (BA 2 ­ I01) ajustou-se ao modelo linear.


The temperature is important for studies of Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn), since it is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous pathogen. Appropriate temperatures can favor the pathogen, which starts the infection process. On the other hand inappropriate temperatures can impose a delay to its growth and development. The objective were evaluate the influence of temperature on mycelial growth, sclerotia production and pathogenicity of R. solani strains. In the fields were obtained 18 strains from cotton seedlings on the States of Minas Gerais-MG (8), Bahia-BA (3), Goias-GO (2), Mato Grosso-MT (4) and Mato Grosso do Sul-MS (1), which were tested at temperatures of 15°C, 18°C, 21°C, 24°C, 27°C and 30°C. For mycelial growth, strains were placed in Petri dishes (9 cm diameter) containing potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). The dishes were placed into a germination chamber with a photoperiod of 12 hours. There were orthogonal daily measurements of the diameter of the colony during 8 days and the rate of mycelial growth was quantified afterwards. The dishes were kept for three months in the respective growth chambers for the sclerotia production analysis. For the pathogenicity determination and evaluation of disease severity the method described by Oliveira et al. (2008) was followed. The data were subjected to analysis of variance. There was significant interaction between isolates and temperatures. Among the eight strains of Minas Gerais, one had a higher rate of mycelial growth at 24 ° C and three at 27 ° C, adjusting to the quadratic model. Three strains showed better fit to a linear model and did not differ statistically for the temperatures. Strains from GO had a higher rate of mycelial growth temperatures of 24°C and 27°C. Concerning about the strains from MT, two were fit to a linear model, while the other two had the quadratic model at temperatures of 21°C and 24ºC. Strains from MS was adjusted to quadratic model at 27°C, while all three strains from BA were fitted to the linear model. The largest number of sclerotia was observed at 15°C and 18°C except for MS strain, which obtained the highest number at 27ºC. It was found that 14 strains (six from MG, two from BA, two from GO, three from MT and one from MS) showed a higher severity between 24°C and 27°C, adjusting to the quadratic model, while three isolates (two from MG and one from MT) did not differ significantly for the temperatures evaluated and only one isolate (BA 2 - I01) had set better to the linear model.


Subject(s)
Rhizoctonia , Temperature , Virulence , Gossypium
5.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(5 Supplement 2): 512-524, 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-947935

ABSTRACT

A espécie Rhizoctonia solani é um patógeno importante na cultura do algodão associada a doenças conhecidas como tombamento e mela. A variabilidade entre os isolados são extremamente importantes, porque existem diferenças entre os grupos de anastomose, tomadas como aqueles isolados capazes de trocar informações genéticas entre si. A caracterização morfológica, quando confirmada pela a caracterização genética fornece informações concretas sobre a distribuição do isolados quando agem como um agente patogênico. O objetivo foi identificar e caracterizar os grupos de anastomose no Brasil e confirmá-los pela caracterização genética. Foram consideradas 51 isolados de Rhizoctonia solani com o objetivo de caracterizar os grupos de anastomose e determinar a patogenicidade. A caracterização morfológica foi realizada observando-se o número de núcleos, morfologia da colônia e identificação de grupos de anastomose (AG). Na caracterização genética foram sequenciados e analisados os fragmentos genômicos contendo as regiões 5.8 S, ITS1 e ITS2, comparando-se os isolados listados no GenBank. A patogenicidade foi avaliada utilizando a escala de infecção com graus que variam de 1 a 4. Considerando-se o AG foram identificados 36 de 51 isolados como AG-4 e dois isolados como AG-7, 13 isolados não tiveram classificação. Em análises moleculares foram confirmados os 36 isolados identificados pela caracterização morfológica e mais 10 isolados como AG-4. Todos os isolados AG-7 foram confirmados e encontrado mais um nas análises moleculares. Para a patogenicidade verificou-se que cinco isolados não diferem do controle. A virulência intermediária e alta virulência foram observadas em 16 e 24 isolados, respectivamente, com médias 2,52-3,3 e 3,4-3,9.


The Rhizoctonia solani is an important pathogen in cotton crop associated with damping-off disease. The variability among isolates are extremely important, because differences exist between anastomosis groups, taken as those isolates capable of exchanging genetic information with each other. Morphological characterization, when confirmed by genetic characterization provides concrete information about the isolates distribution when it acts like a pathogen. Our study was to identify and characterize the anastomosis groups in Brazil and confirm them by genetic characterization. We considered 51 Rhizoctonia solani isolates aiming to characterize the anastomose group and determine their pathogenicity. The morphological characterization was done observing the number of cores, colony morphology and identification of anastomosis groups (AG). In genetic characterization were sequenced and analyzed the genomic fragments containing the 5.8 S, ITS1 and ITS2 regions and compared them to Rhizoctonia isolates listed in the GenBank. The pathogenicity was evaluated for the disease severity, using the scale of infection with grades ranging from 1 to 4. Considering the AG we identified 36 of 51 isolates as AG-4 and two isolates as AG-7 and 13 isolates were listed as unrated. In molecular analyses were confirmed those 36 isolates and were identified more 10 isolates as AG-4. All the AG- 7 isolates were confirmed and we found one more considering the molecular analyses. For the pathogenicity was found that five strains did not differ from the control. Intermediate virulence and high virulence were observed in 16 and 24 isolates, respectively with averages from 2.52 to 3.3 and from 3.4 to 3.9.


Subject(s)
Rhizoctonia , Virulence , Gossypium , Databases, Nucleic Acid , Molecular Biology
6.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(supl.1): 92-99, 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697836

ABSTRACT

Rhodnius barretti , a new triatomine species, is described based on adult specimens collected in rainforest environments within the Napo ecoregion of western Amazonia (Colombia and Ecuador). R. barretti resembles Rhodnius robustus s.l. , but mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences reveal that it is a strongly divergent member of the “robustus lineage”, i.e., basal to the clade encompassing Rhodnius nasutus , Rhodnius neglectus , Rhodnius prolixus and five members of the R. robustus species complex. Morphometric analyses also reveal consistent divergence from R. robustus s.l. , including head and, as previously shown, wing shape and the length ratios of some anatomical structures. R. barretti occurs, often at high densities, in Attalea butyracea and Oenocarpus bataua palms. It is strikingly aggressive and adults may invade houses flying from peridomestic palms. R. barretti must therefore be regarded as a potential Trypanosoma cruzi vector in the Napo ecoregion, where Chagas disease is endemic.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chagas Disease/transmission , Endemic Diseases , Rainforest , Rhodnius/anatomy & histology , Rhodnius/classification , Arecaceae , Bayes Theorem , Colombia , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Cytochromes b/genetics , Ecology , Ecosystem , Ecuador , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis , Species Specificity , Triatominae/classification
7.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 43(3): 1222-1229, July-Sept. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656693

ABSTRACT

Blister spot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is now widespread in most coffee producing states of Brazil, becoming a limiting factor for production. The lack of data relating to the reproduction of typical symptoms (light green, oily patches) leaves a gap within the pathosystem, forcing the search for new methodologies for monitoring the disease. Monitoring of genetically modified organisms has proven to be an effective tool in understanding the host x pathogen interactions. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of two systems of genetic transformation in obtaining mutants using the gfp reporter gene. Using the two transformation systems (PEG and electroporation) revealed the efficiency of both, confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin-B, when incorporated into the culture medium. The fungus maintained its cultural and morphological characteristics when compared to wild strains. When inoculated on coffee seedlings, it was found that the pathogenicity of the processed isolates had not changed.


Subject(s)
Colletotrichum/genetics , Colletotrichum/isolation & purification , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Fungal Proteins/analysis , Methodology as a Subject , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Mitosporic Fungi , Virulence
8.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 28(1): 87-93, jan./feb. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912356

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos exsudatos radiculares das plantas de cobertura: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.), braquiária (Urochloa ruziziensis R. Germ. & Evrard), capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça Jacq.), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown), feijão-guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) e estilosantes (Stylosantes capitata Vog.; Stylosanthes macrocephala Ferr. Et Costa) no desenvolvimento de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Para a liberação dos exsudatos, as raízes de plantas cultivadas durante 24 dias foram submetidas à centrifugação. Obtido os exsudatos, estes foram esterilizados por processos de filtragem com a utilização de membrana com poro de 0,22µm armazenados em tubos e acondicionados a -20ºC. O efeito dos exsudatos foi estudado em relação ao crescimento micelial, germinação micelial, desenvolvimento carpogênico do escleródio e germinação dos ascósporos de S. sclerotiorum. As concentrações utilizadas foram 1%, 10% e 25%, obtidas por meio da diluição em água destilada esterilizada. Os resultados mostraram que o índice de velocidade de crescimento micelial foi menor quando utilizado o exsudato de U. ruziziensis nas concentrações de 1% e 10%. Os exsudatos não influenciaram a germinação micelial dos escleródios. Quanto aos ascósporos, os exsudatos radiculares de Cajanus cajan e Styloshantes sp. inibiram a germinação quando não foi adicionado sulfato de streptomicina.


The objective was to explore the influence of root exudates of some cover plants known as Crotalaria juncea, Urochloa ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. mombaça, Pennisetum glaucum, Cajanus cajan e Stylosantes sp. For the release of exudates roots plants were grown for 24 days, were subjected to centrifugation. Retrieved these exudates were sterilized by filtering processes using a membrane with pore size of 0.22 micrometers. The filtrates were stored in tubes and stored at -20°C. The effect of the exudates were studied in relation to mycelial growth, mycelial and carpogenic germination of sclerotia and germination of ascospores of S. sclerotiorum. The concentrations used were 1%, 10% and 25% obtained by dilution in sterile water. The results showed mycelial growth rate was lower when using the exudate of U. ruziziensis concentrations of 1% and 10%. The exudates did not affect mycelial germination of sclerotia. Concerning the ascospores of Cajanus cajan and Stylosanthes spp. root exudates inhibited germination when it was added streptomycin.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota , Soil , Soil Microbiology , Plant Roots , Plant Exudates
9.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 34(5): 1211-1218, Sept.-Oct. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567335

ABSTRACT

O uso do consórcio entre plantas de cobertura e culturas anuais, no Cerrado, tem sido prática cada vez mais difundida, pela possibilidade de implantação das forrageiras durante o desenvolvimento das culturas anuais, através da diferença de profundidade e sistema de semeadura. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho avaliar a emergência e algumas características agronômicas de quatro espécies de plantas de cobertura, em diferentes profundidades, visando ao seu emprego na consorciação e sobressemeadura em culturas anuais. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 7, composto pelas plantas de cobertura Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis e Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, e por seis profundidades de semeadura e um sistema de cobertura de sementes (0 sem cobertura, 0 com cobertura, 1, 4, 8, 10 e 15 cm). As sementes foram semeadas em vasos e as plantas cultivadas por 40 dias. Avaliou-se o índice e o tempo de emergência, a altura de plantas, a fitomassa verde e seca da parte aérea, a área foliar, a fitomassa seca radicular e a densidade de comprimento radicular. O maior desenvolvimento das plantas estudadas foi detectado nas semeaduras até 1 cm de profundidade. O P. maximum não apresentou aptidão para uso em consórcio com culturas anuais.Não se recomenda a semeadura das plantas de cobertura a partir de 10 cm.


The use of the consortium between cover crops and annual crops in the Cerrado, is an increasingly widespread practice, because of the possibility of deployment of cover crops during the development of annual crops by the difference in depth and seeding system. The objective was to evaluate the emergency and some agronomic characteristics of four species of cover crops at different seeding depths, to use them in consortium and oversown in annual crops. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, and the experimental design of randomized blocks in factorial arranged 4 x 7, where it was four cover crops: Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, and six depths of sowing and a cover of seed system (0 cm without any mulch, 0 cm with a mulch of soybean leaves, 1, 4, 8, 10 and 15 cm). The cover crops were cropped in vase for 40 days. We evaluated emergence index, emergence time, plant height, green biomass and dry biomass of the above-ground part, leaf area, root dry biomass and root length density. The largest development of the cover crops was detected in the sowing up to 1 cm of depth. The P. maximum showed no ability to use in consortium with annual crops. The sowing of the cover crops from 10 cm is not recommended.

10.
Rev. bras. colo-proctol ; 30(2): 167-174, abr.-jun. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-555886

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Apresentar os resultados e analisar as variáveis implicadas no tratamento e prognóstico do carcinoma epidermóide do canal anal tratado através da radio e quimioterapia no Hospital Barão de Lucena-SUS-PE. Metodologia: Análise dos prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer do canal anal submetidos a tratamento radioquimioterápico. O período de acompanhamento foi de junho de 1989 a junho de 2005. Foram incluídos os pacientes com diagnóstico histológico de câncer de canal anal, enquadrados nos estadios I, II, IIIa e IIIb, submetidos a dois ciclos de quimioterapia com 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) na dose de 1g/m²/dia em infusão contínua de 96 horas e cisplatino na dose de 100mg/m² administrado em 6 horas no segundo dia de infusão de cada ciclo, administrados na primeira e terceira semanas do esquema de tratamento radioterápico. Resultados: Avaliamos 108 prontuários de pacientes que preencheram os critérios do protocolo. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 51 meses (1-182 meses). Houve predomínio do gênero feminino (81,5 por cento dos pacientes). A idade variou de 33 a 83 anos (média de 59 anos). O tipo histológico mais freqüente foi o carcinoma de células escamosas (80,6 por cento dos casos). Em 21 pacientes, foi diagnosticado carcinoma basalóide. Quanto ao grau de diferenciação, prevaleceu o tipo moderadamente diferenciado (61 por cento dos pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas). O índice de resposta inicial completa foi de 89,8 por cento. Onze pacientes persistiram com tumor após o tratamento radio e quimioterápico. O índice de resposta inicial completa foi menor nos estadios IIIa e IIIb em relação aos estadios I e II com significância estatística (p<0,05). 14 pacientes evoluíram com recidiva tumoral, oito com recidiva local (7,4 por cento) e seis (5,5 por cento) com recidiva linfática e à distância. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento radioquimioterápico exclusivo do carcinoma epidermóide do canal anal, tem índice de resposta completo bastante elevado co...


Objectives: To present the results and analyze the variables involved in the treatment and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy at the Hospital Barao de Lucena-SUS-PE. Methodology: Analysis of medical records of patients diagnosed with anal cancer treated by chemoradiation. The monitoring period was from June 1989 to June 2005. We included patients with histologically confirmed cancer of the anal canal, framed in stages I, II, IIIa and IIIb, underwent two cycles of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at a dose of 1g / m² / day continuous infusion 96 hours and cisplatin at a dose of 100 mg / m² administered at 6 hours the second day of infusion of each cycle, administered on the first and third weeks of radiotherapy treatment regimen. Results: We evaluated records of 108 patients who met the criteria of the protocol. The mean follow-up was 51 months (1-182 months). There were more females (81.5 percent of patients). The age ranged from 33 to 83 years (mean 59 years). The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (80.6 percent of cases). In 21 patients, was diagnosed Basaloid carcinoma. Regarding the degree of differentiation, the most prevalent type was moderately differentiated (61 percent of patients with squamous cell carcinoma). The rate of initial complete response was 89.8 percent. Eleven patients had persistent tumor after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The initial response rate was lower in complete stages IIIa and IIIb compared to stages I and II with statistical significance (p <0.05). 14 patients developed recurrence, eight with local recurrence (7.4 percent) and six (5.5 percent) with lymphatic recurrence and distance. CONCLUSIONS: The chemoradiation treatment of unique cell carcinoma of the anal canal, have complete response rate very high with acceptable morbidity. Surgical treatment still has its value in cases of persistent injury and / or local recurrence, with sati...


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Therapy, Combination , Neoplasm Staging , Neoplasms, Squamous Cell , Anus Neoplasms/drug therapy , Anus Neoplasms/radiotherapy
11.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 102(supl.1): 57-70, Oct. 2007. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-466753

ABSTRACT

An ecological-evolutionary classification of Amazonian triatomines is proposed based on a revision of their main contemporary biogeographical patterns. Truly Amazonian triatomines include the Rhodniini, the Cavernicolini, and perhaps Eratyrus and some Bolboderini. The tribe Rhodniini comprises two major lineages (pictipes and robustus). The former gave rise to trans-Andean (pallescens) and Amazonian (pictipes) species groups, while the latter diversified within Amazonia (robustus group) and radiated to neighbouring ecoregions (Orinoco, Cerrado-Caatinga-Chaco, and Atlantic Forest). Three widely distributed Panstrongylus species probably occupied Amazonia secondarily, while a few Triatoma species include Amazonian populations that occur only in the fringes of the region. T. maculata probably represents a vicariant subset isolated from its parental lineage in the Caatinga-Cerrado system when moist forests closed a dry trans-Amazonian corridor. These diverse Amazonian triatomines display different degrees of synanthropism, defining a behavioural gradient from household invasion by adult triatomines to the stable colonisation of artificial structures. Anthropogenic ecological disturbance (driven by deforestation) is probably crucial in the onset of the process, but the fact that only a small fraction of species effectively colonises artificial environments suggests a role for evolution at the end of the gradient. Domestic infestation foci are restricted to drier subregions within Amazonia; thus, populations adapted to extremely humid rainforest microclimates may have limited chances of successfully colonising the slightly drier artificial microenvironments. These observations suggest several research avenues, from the use of climate data to map risk areas to the assessment of the synanthropic potential of individual vector species.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Biological Evolution , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Insect Vectors/classification , Trypanosoma cruzi , Triatominae/classification , Chagas Disease/transmission , Geography , Insect Vectors/genetics , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Phylogeny , South America/epidemiology , Triatominae/genetics , Triatominae/parasitology
12.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 77(3): 437-454, Sept. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-406224

ABSTRACT

Programas destinados ao controle da doença de Chagas vêm apresentando resultados positivos. Estudos moleculares têm auxiliado programas de controle exitosos através da identificação e caracterização de populações de vetores introduzidas, além da definição precisa das espécies a serem combatidas. Contudo, pesquisadores e autoridades da área de saúde estão enfrentando novos desafios, no âmbito da América Latina. Vetores nativos estão continuadamente re-infestando habitações previamente tratadas com inseticidas, e triatomíneos silvestres estão mantendo ciclos de transmissão da doença em regiões de floresta tropical úmida (incluíndo a Amazônia), sem colonizar habitações humanas. Nessas situações, estudos detalhados dos vetores são essenciais na definição de padrões de risco epidemiológico e no esclarecimento do envolvimento de espécies de triatomíneos pouco conhecidas, na transmissão da doença. Investigações eco-epidemiológicas dessa natureza, assim como o planejamento e monitoramento de intervenções de controle, dependem fortemente de identificações taxonômicas precisas. Problemas decorrentes de especiação críptica e da plasticidade fenotípica, ilustram essa necessidade - e de como a sistemática molecular pode contribuir na geração das respostas necessárias. A análise de dados moleculares também auxilia no entendimento de aspectos básicos da evolução e tendências adaptativas dos vetores. Neste artigo, fazemos uma revisão da aplicação de marcadores moleculares (concentrando em isoenzimas e sequenciamento de ADN) no estudo de triatomíneos. Analisamos também a aplicabilidade, vantagens e desvantagens dos métodos mais utilizados, nas investigações em diferentes níveis sistemáticos (populações, espécies e categorias taxonômicas mais elevadas).


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Chagas Disease , Genetic Techniques , Insect Vectors/genetics , Triatominae/genetics , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Chagas Disease/transmission , Insect Vectors/classification , Triatominae/classification
13.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 95(3): 305-22, May-Jun. 2000. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-258184

ABSTRACT

Studies were performed on five Brazilian populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis: Salvaterra (PA), São José do Ribamar (MA), Canindé (CE), Natal (RN) and Gruta da Lapinha, Lagoa Santa (MG). No morphological differences were observed that could distinguish between these populations. Homogeneity tests showed that the allopatric populations display a certain heterogeneity and that the sympatric populations, with different patterns of spots, are homogeneous. The Student-Newman-Keuls test, represented by Euler-Venn diagrams, showed a disjunction between the populations from the north/northeast and the one from Gruta da Lapinha. Genetic distances between the four populations (excluding the Canindé population) were within the range of intrapopulational differences. The Gruta da Lapinha population displayed a heterozygotic deficiency that could be a consequence of high levels of inbreeding due to cryptic habits of living in a small cave. These results do not favor the hypothesis of a L. longipalpis species complex in Brazil, and the species should be considered high polymorphic.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Psychodidae/anatomy & histology , Gene Frequency , Genetic Variation , Psychodidae/classification , Psychodidae/genetics
14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 94(suppl.1): 229-38, Sept. 1999. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-245627

ABSTRACT

DNA sequence comparison of 412 base-pairs fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene was used to infer the genetic structure of nine geographical Triatoma infestans populations and their phylogenetic relationship with T. melanosoma and T. brasiliensis. T. infestans and T. melanosoma were compared by morphometry, allozyme and cytogenetic analyses, as well as subjected to reciprocal crosses, in order to clarify the taxonomic status of the latter. No differences were found to distinguish the two species and the crosses between them yielded progeny. T. infestans populations presented four haplotypes that could be separated in two clusters: one formed by the samples from Bolivia (Andes and Chaco) and the other formed by samples from Argentina and Brazil. Silvatic and domestic T. infestans populations from Bolivia (Andes) were genetically identical.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , DNA, Mitochondrial , Genetic Variation , Triatoma/genetics , Argentina , Base Sequence , Bolivia , Brazil , Cytochromes b/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Triatoma/cytology
15.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 93(2): 189-94, Mar.-Apr. 1998. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-203595

ABSTRACT

An eletrophoretic analysis of three species of the subgenus Dendromyia (Wyeomyia luteoventralis, Wy. ypsipola and Wy. testei) and three species belonging to different groups in the genus Wyeomyia (Wy. negrensis, Wy. mystes and Wy. confusa) was performed. Eight enzyme loci were analysed. High values of genetic identity were detected among the species of the subgenus Dendromyia: Wy. luteoventralis, Wy. ypsipola and Wy. testei (mean value 0.63). On the other hand, low values of genetic identity were observed among Wy. negrensis, Wy. mystes and Wy. confusa (mean value 0.23), suggesting that they belong, at least, to distinct subgenera within the Genus Wyeomyia. The UPGMA phenogram revealed the grouping of the Dendromyia species, while the others clustered at lower identity levels.


Subject(s)
Animals , Culicidae/genetics , Electrophoresis , Enzymes/genetics
16.
Rev. bras. cir. cabeça pescoço ; 18(2/3): 84-92, 1994. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-186221

ABSTRACT

Os autores, estudaram retrospectivamente, 49 pacientes, portadores de linfoima nao Hodgkin extranodal em cabeça e pescoço, tratados de 1982 a 1991, na seçao de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço do Instituto Nacional do Câncer do Rio de Janeiro. Foram objeto de pesquisa a distribuiçao por idade, sexo, cor, associaçao com tabagismo e etilismo, sítio de localizaçao, tipo histológico, método diagnóstico, tratamento, tempo livre de doença, sobrevida e mortalidade. Com relaçao ao diagnóstico observou-se como resultados histopatológicos em biópsia de linfonodos, neoplasia maligna indiferenciada (9 casos), hiperplasia linfoide (5 casos), hiperplasia epitelial (3 casos). Estes resultados associados à clínica, deveriam levar o cirurgiao a refazer a pesquisa diagnostica. A melhor positividade de diagnóstico foi encontrada através de biópsia no local da lesao, quer seja por biópsia incisional ou excisional, em 79 por cento contra 21 por cento dos linfonodos.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Aged, 80 and over , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Disease-Free Survival
17.
Ars cvrandi gastroenterol ; 5(5): 20, 22, 24, passim, jun. 1986. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-37422

ABSTRACT

Os autores efetuaram suas pesquisas no Departamento de Anatomia da Escola de Medicina da Fundaçäo Técnico-Educacional Souza Marques e na Clínica Radiológica Jardim Botânico, tendo estudado 10 pacientes e três peças anatômicas, näo formolizados. Tiveram por objetivo demonstrar a vascularizaçäo da árvore biliar extra-hepática, para facilitaçäo das anastomoses da mesma nos transplantes de fígado


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Common Bile Duct/blood supply , Liver/transplantation
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