Decrease of intestinal tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats fed with cow milk and buffalo milk

Epidemiological studies in human beings and experimental studies in laboratory animals suggest that milk and dairy products can inhibit effects on the development of some kinds of tumors. Cow milk contains sphingomyelin, butyric acid, conjugated linoleic acid, calcium, vitamin A, carotene and vitamin D. All of these components are known to inhibit the process of carcinogenesis. Our objective was to determine the effect of cow milk and water buffalo milk on the development of colon neoplasias in an experimental model of carcinogenesis in rats induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Three-month-old Wistar male rats with an average body weight of 180 g were given a nutritionally adequate diet and drinking water adlivitum, cow milk or water buffalo milk. The milk diets were provided two weeks before the first DMH treatment and their administration was continued during the 10 weeks of DMH treatment. Milk administration finished two weeks after the last DMH doses treatment. Four months after the last carcinogen injection, all surviving animals were sacrificed and examined for intestinal tumors. The number, size, and location of the tumors were recorded and gross pathology was described. Small tumors (< 2.5 mm) were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Significantly fewer tumors were observed in both groups treated with DMH and supplemented with milk, than in the group treated with DMH without milk administration.

Menstrual cycle worsening of epileptic seizures in women with symptomatic focal epilepsy

INTRODUCTION: Hormonal fluctuation is responsible for worsening of epileptic seizures during the menstrual cycle. OBJECTIVE: To identify irregularities in the menstrual cycles of women with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and extratemporal focal epilepsy (ETFE) and correlate the frequency of seizures during the menstrual cycles. METHOD: We evaluated prospectively women in the menacme with MTLE and ETFE. Calendars were provided for these patients, and they were asked to mark their seizure frequency according to the menses. Calendars were reviewed in each routine medical appointment. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients with MTLE and 14 with ETFE were evaluated. We registered 211 cycles in the patients with MTLE and 49 in those with ETFE. Irregular menstrual cycles were found in 28 (28/39, 71.7%) patients with MTLE and 6 (6/14, 42.8%) with ETFE (p=0.052). Premenstrual seizure worsening was observed in 46 (21.8%) patients with MTLE and 9 (18.3%) with ETFE (p=0.596). Menstrual worsening was observed in 47 (22.2%) patients with MTLE and 15 (30.6%) with ETFE (p=0.217). Ovulatory worsening was observed in 36 (17%) patients with MTLE and 13 (26.5%) with ETFE (p=0,126). Catamenial worsening was observed in 58 (27.4%) of the patients with MTLE and in 17 (34.7%) of the patients with ETFE (p=0.315). CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the group of patients with MTLE and ETFE regarding the frequency of irregular cycles and seizure worsening during the premenstrual, menstrual, catamenial or ovulatory periods.

INTRODUÇÃO: Admite-se que a flutuação hormonal seja a responsável para a piora de crises epilépticas no período catamenial. OBJETIVO: Identificar irregularidades nos ciclos menstruais de mulheres com epilepsia de lobo temporal mesial (ELTM) e epilepsia focal extratemporal (EFET); e relacionar a frequencia de crises durante o ciclo menstrual. MÉTODO: Avaliamos mulheres na menacme, que apresentem quadro clínico laboratorial compatível com ELTM e EFET. Foram fornecidos calendários para estas pacientes e instruídas para preenchimento correto da menstruação e das crises epilépticas e serão revistos em cada consulta médica rotineira. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 39 pacientes com ELTM e 14 com EFET. Registramos 211 ciclos nas pacientes com ELTM e 49 nas com EFET. Ciclos menstruais irregulares foram apresentados por 28 (71,7%) pacientes com ELTM e 14 (42,8%) com EFEP (p=0,052). Piora pré-menstrual foi observada em 46 (21,8%) pacientes com ELTM e 9 (18,3%) com EFET (p=0,596). Piora menstrual foi observada em 47 (22,2%) pacientes com ELTM e 15 (30,6%) com EFET (p=0,217). Piora ovulatória foi observada em 36 (17%) pacientes com ELTM e 13 (26,5%) com EFET (p=0,126). Piora catamenial foi observada em 58 (27,4%) das pacientes com ELTM e em 17 (34,7%) das pacientes com EFET (p=0,315). CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença entre os grupos de pacientes com ELTM e EFET quanto à freqüência de ciclos irregulares e piora das crises nos períodos pré-menstrual, menstrual, catamenial ou ovulatório.

Effects of high molybdenum intake on 1.2 - dimethylhydrazine-induced intestinal tumors in rats

Wistar male rats, 3 months of age were given ad-libitum a nutritionally adequate diet and demineralized drinking water. The Molybdenum (Mo) and Tungsten (W) were provided in the drinking water at 200 ppm concentration. Intestinal tumors were induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) given subcutaneously as 16 weekly doses at 20 mg/kg body weight. Mo in the form of (NH4)6 Mo7O24 4H2O or W in the form of (Na2WO4) were provided in the drinking water two months before the first DMH treatment and were continued during 4 months more until the last DMH treatment. Three months after the last carcinogen injection, all animals were sacrificed and examined for intestinal tumors. The number, size and location of the tumors were recorded and the pathology was examined. The addition of Mo to the drinking water induced an increase of hepatic Mo content. At the end of the second month, the hepatic content of Mo was 5.61 ppm, compared with control and W groups (2.18 and 0.96 ppm, respectively). A significantly lower incidence of tumors was observed in the Mo group (47), compared with the control group given DMH alone (105) and W group (113). On the other hand, the Mo group showed a significant decrease in the numbers of multiple tumors per rat.

Estudio histológico e histoquímico de lesiones hiperplásicas y displásicas del intestino grueso en Cebus Apella (primate) tratado con 1, 2-dimetilhidrazida / Histological and histochemical study of hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions of the large intestine in Cebus Apella (primate) treated with 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine

El principal objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en determinar los cambios histológicos en el epitelio del colon en primates de la especie Cebus apella inducidos mediante la administración de la 1,2-dimetilhidrazina (DMH). Fueron utilizados 12 primates, machos de 30 meses de edad y con un peso promedio de 2,800Kg. La DMH fue administrada por vía subcutánea a razón de 25 mg/Kg de peso corporal semanalmente, durante 16 semanas. Durante los 20 meses que duró la experiencia el peso corporal fue evaluado semanalmente en los primeros 4 meses y cada 30 días hasta el final del experimento. Al final de la experiencia, en cortes histológicos de 5 mum, coloreados con Hematoxilina-Eosina, fueron evaluados los cambios histológicos del epitelio intestinal, así como las mucosustancias, utilizándose las técnicas del PAS y Alcian blue e pH 2,5. El estudio histológico e histoquímico permitió caracterizar la morfología normal, así como las características de las mucosustancias en tres regiones: ciego, colon transverso y colon distal. Los cambios histológicos observados en los animales tratados con DMH consistieron en fenómenos de hiperplasia, displasia y disminución de las mucosustancias. Los cambios hiperplásicos comprometieron a las criptas glandulares y al epitelio superficial que reviste a los nódulos linfoides. Focos de displasia fueron observados en el colon transverso y última porción del colon distal y comprometieron a criptas localizadas tanto en profundidad como en criptas de la mucosa superficial. Se observaron criptas con disminución de mucosustancias neutras y ácidas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la DMH indujo en el colon, focos displásicos y lesiones hiperplásicas en criptas y en el epitelio que reviste a los nódulos linfoides, así como disminución de las mucosustancias neutras y ácidas.

Epilepsias recém-diagnosticadas: aderência, tolerância e prognóstico com a primeira droga / Recently diagnosed epilepsy: adherence, tolerance, and prognostic with the first drug

Há poucos dados no nosso meio sobre epilepsias recém-diagnosticadas (ERD). Com o objetivo de avaliar a aderência, a tolerância e a eficácia da primeira droga antiepiléptica receitada, seguimos 78 pacientes de 6 a 61 anos de idade (média: 17.96 anos) com ERD por um tempo médio de 12.68 meses (1 a 29 meses). Estes pacientes apresentavam crises parciais, com ou sem generalizaçäo secundária, e crises generalizadas tônico-clônicas com um tempo médio de epilepsia de 7.68 meses (4 dias a 7 anos). Encontramos 11 pacientes (14.10 por cento ) näo aderentes ao tratamento e 14 (17,94 por cento ) com efeitos colaterais que justificaram a troca da medicaçäo. Os efeitos colaterais mais prevalentes foram alteraçöes dismórficas como hirsutismo e hiperplasia gengival, síndrome dispéptica, reaçöes idiossincrásicas e sedaçäo. Sessenta e seis por cento dos pacientes mantiveram-se completamente controlados por um período de 8 semanas e 63.88 por cento por 56 semanas. Estes dados säo consistentes com os achados da literatura internacional. A taxa de näo aderência ao tratamento foi relativamente alta (14,10 por cento ), possivelmente devido aos aspectos sócio-econômicos e culturais da populaçäo estudada. Ressaltamos que 17,94 por cento dos pacientes näo toleraram a primeira droga, necessitando de substituiçäo. Aproximadamente 2/3 dos pacientes com ERD obtém controle satisfatório com a primeira medicaçäo

Odontogénesis temprana en la oveja (ovis aries) / Early odontogenesis of the sheep

Se realizó un estudio histológico e histoquímico del proceso de odontogénesis en las etapas precoces del desarrollo de la oveja, en cortes seriados teñidos con técnicas corrientes e histoquímicas. Los gérmenes dentarios correspondientes a la mandíbula inferior y a la región molar del maxilar presentan un desarrollo similar al que se observa en otros mamíferos. Llama la atención que durante el primer trimestre de gestación, en la región del futuro diastema se forma una prolongación epitelial efímera, que toma forma de una lámina dentaria contínua con un esbozo dentario en etapa de yema, que luego regresa completamente. En el desarrollo dentario temprano, interacciones epitelio-mesenquimáticas son necesarias para la diferenciación morfológica. En este caso, las propiedades formadoras de diente se manifiestan de modo distinto en la región del futuro diastema de la oveja, en la que es probable que las interacciones estén alteradas. El origen del diastema se puede interpretar como una reducción filogenética secundaria trazada en el desarrollo ontogenético