ABSTRACT
Spider envenomation, generically known as arachnidism, is described in many places around the world. In terms of medical importance, the following genera of animals stand out as the main origin of the morbid condition: Atrax (Sidney funnel web spider), Steatoda (false black widow), Latrodectus (black widow), Loxosceles (brown spider) and Phoneutria (armed spider), the last three causing accidents involving spiders in Brazil. This article, part 1 of 2, aims to present the main aspects of arachnidism in the country, with an emphasis on the biology and geographical distribution of spiders, biochemistry of the venom, pathogenesis and epidemiology of arachnidism, as well as prevention of the morbid condition.
Subject(s)
Spider Bites , Spider Venoms , Spiders , VenomsABSTRACT
Lagochilascariasis, described for the first time in 1909, is caused by a helminth nematode within the Lagochilascaris genus, and Ascarididae family, which mainly affects the underprivileged, especially among rural populations. Brazil presents more than 75% of the cases worldwide, mostly in the Amazon region, where the illness is considered emergent. The main clinical manifestation in humans is the appearance of subcutaneous purulent lesions normally found around the neck, mastoid and middle ear regions, the originating form is a painless granulomatous reaction that may have a chronic course and lead to death. Considering the paucity of reports on this helminthiasis, a bibliographic study was performed with the intent of consolidating information found systemized as etiology, epidemiology, pathogeny, clinical aspects, diagnostic, treatment, prophylaxis and control, as well as guiding health professionals in the resolution of human lagochilasacariasis cases. The present review reinforces the need for further studies on the subject, with a view to increasing the appropriate management of the disease and learning from it, to improve control, based on adequate knowledge of its natural cycle, as well as health education of the population
Subject(s)
Parasitic Diseases , Health Education , Helminthiasis , HelminthsABSTRACT
A investigação dos problemas bioéticos na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) permanece, ainda, como tema negligenciado nas publicações acadêmicas contemporâneas, a despeito das candentes questões que se apresentam nessa esfera da atenção à saúde. Nesse âmbito, elementos atinentes à relação entre usuários e profissionais de saúde ganham relevância. O estudo dessa temática é mote do presente artigo, no qual são apresentados resultados obtidos junto aos profissionais da ESF do município de Viçosa/MG, durante a realização de oficina de formação em bioética e Atenção Primária à Saúde enfatizando as conversações sobre o sigilo, a privacidade e a confidencialidade desenvolvidas ao longo do processo pedagógico. (AU)
The investigation of bioethical issues in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) still remains a neglected theme in contemporary scholarly literature, despite the pressing issues that arise in this sphere of health care. In this context, elements related to the relationship between users and health professionals gain relevance. The study of this theme is the mote of this article, in which results obtained from FHS professionals in the county of Viçosa/MG, while they trained and attended a workshop on bioethics and Primary Health Care, are presented emphasizing conversations regarding secrecy, privacy and confidentiality developed throughout the educational process. (AU)
La investigación de las cuestiones de bioética en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF) todavía permanece como tema descuidado en las publicaciones académicas contemporáneas, a pesar de los temas candentes que se plantean en esta esfera de la atención a la salud. En este contexto, sobre la relación entre los usuarios y profesionales de la salud se convierten en elementos más importantes. El estudio de este tema es el tema de este artículo, en el que los resultados obtenidos se presentan junto a los profesionales de la ESF de la ciudad de Viçosa/MG, mientras la realización de la formación en bioética y taller de formación primaria de salud haciendo hincapié en las conversaciones sobre el secreto, la privacidad y confidencialidad desarrollado durante el proceso educativo. (AU)
Subject(s)
Bioethics , Family Health , EducationABSTRACT
A Residência Médica (RM) é considerada o padrão-ouro em termos da especialização médica no país. A bioética integra o rol de disciplinas obrigatórias para a formação em nível de RM, merecendo destaque pela (i) crescente complexidade do trabalho em saúde e (ii) incipiente abordagem dos problemas éticos na formação dos profissionais da saúde. Com base nestas considerações, foi desenhada a primeira "Oficina de Formação em Bioética e Atenção Primária à Saúde", para o Programa de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade do Município do Rio de Janeiro (PRMFC-SMS-RJ), com o objetivo de fomentar o debate sobre os aspectos bioéticos da prática profissional na Atenção Primária à Saúde/Estratégia Saúde da Família (APS/ESF). O escopo do presente artigo é relatar a experiência e contribuir para as discussões sobre a necessária abordagem dos conflitos éticos para a excelência do cuidado em saúde na APS/ESF.
The Medical Residency (MR) is considered the golden standard in terms of medical specialization in the country. Bioethics incorporates the list of compulsory subjects for the RM level qualification, noteworthy for the (i) increasing complexity of the work in health care and (ii) its incipient approach to the ethical problems in the formation of health professionals. Based on these considerations, the first "Graduation in Bioethics and Primary Health Care Workshop" was designed for the Internship Program in Medicine of Family and Community in the county of Rio de Janeiro (FCHRP-MSH-RJ). The objective of this workshop was to foster the debate on the aspects of bioethics in the professional practice of Primary Health Care/Family Health Strategy (PHC/FHS). The scope of the present article attempts to present the experience and contribute to discussions about the necessary address of ethical conflicts for the excellence of health care in the PHC/FMS
La Residencia Médica (RM) es considerada el estándar de oro en términos de la especialización médica en Brasil. La bioética integra el rol de disciplinas obligatorias para la formación a nivel de RM, mereciendo destaque por la (i) creciente complejidad del trabajo en salud y (ii) el incipiente abordaje de los problemas éticos en la formación de los profesionales de la salud. Con base en estas consideraciones, fue diseñada la primera "Taller de Formación en Bioética y Atención Primaria a la Salud", para el Programa de Residencia en Medicina de Familia y Comunidad del Municipio de Río de Janeiro (PRMFC-SMS-RJ), con el objetivo de fomentar el debate sobre los aspectos bioéticos de la práctica profesional en la Atención Primaria a la Salud/Estrategia Salud de la Familia (APS/ESF). El alcance del presente artículo es relatar la experiencia y contribuir a las discusiones sobre el necesario enfoque de los conflictos éticos para la excelencia del cuidado en salud en la APS/ESF.
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Bioethics , Family Health , Education, Medical , Internship and ResidencyABSTRACT
Leptospirosis is one of the neglected infectious diseases locally widespread and extremely significant in tropical areas due to its great epidemic potential. It is a worldwide public health problem in view of the emergence and reemergence of the disease due to lack of sanitation and negligence, among other factors. In fact, leptospirosis infects more than 1 million people per year, resulting in almost 60,000 deaths. Human infection generally takes place after skin exposure to soil and/or water contaminated with urine of chronically infected mammals. The clinical presentations of the disease vary from a slight fever, goosebumps and flu-like symptoms to the acute forms of the disease. Understanding the main aspects of the disease is paramount due to the many unspecific signs and symptoms as well as frequently mistaken diagnosis. In this article, we discuss the epidemiological, immunopathogenic, clinical and prophylactic aspects of this condition with the purpose of clarifying an up to date panorama of the subject.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Public Health , Epidemiology , Communicable Diseases , Neglected Diseases , LeptospirosisABSTRACT
Lagochilascariasis, described for the first time in 1909, is caused by a helminth nematode within the Lagochilascaris genus, and Ascarididae family, which mainly affects the underprivileged, especially among rural populations. Brazil presents more than 75% of the cases worldwide, mostly in the Amazon region, where the illness is considered emergent. The main clinical manifestation in humans is the appearance of subcutaneous purulent lesions normally found around the neck, mastoid and middle ear regions, the originating form is a painless granulomatous reaction that may have a chronic course and lead to death. Considering the paucity of reports on this helminthiasis, a bibliographic study was performed with the intent of consolidating information found systemized as etiology, epidemiology, pathogeny, clinical aspects, diagnostic, treatment, prophylaxis and control, as well as guiding health professionals in the resolution of human lagochilasacariasis cases. The present review reinforces the need for further studies on the subject, with a view to increasing the appropriate management of the disease and learning from it, to improve control, based on adequate knowledge of its natural cycle, as well as health education of the population