ABSTRACT
PURPOSE--To evaluate the role of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricular systolic function an other clinical parameters on prevalence and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias in hypertension. METHODS--Ventricular arrhythmias were studied in 39 hypertensives by 24 hours ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Frequency and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias were compared among 3 groups: A and B, respectively without and with LVH, both with normal left ventricular function; and C with LVH and systolic dysfunction. LVH and systolic dysfunction were established echocardiographically. Linear regression analysis was performed in order to identify an independent correlation between clinical parameters and presence of arrhythmias. RESULTS--Group C patients were older and had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, greater mass index, diastolic posterior wall thickness and end-systolic stress and increased prevalence of electrocardiographic strain. Left ventricular diastolic diameter in C group patients was increased only when compared to A group. Frequencies of cases with more than 10 ectopic ventricular beats/hour, pairs and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia episodes were all significantly increased in C when compared to B and to A. However, only left ventricular mass index or diastolic posterior wall thickness identified independently patients with ventricular arrhythmias. CONCLUSION--Left ventricular hypertrophy is the main predictor of potential high risk rhythm disturbances in hypertension
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications , Ventricular Function, Left , Hypertension/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnosis , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/physiopathology , Systole , Heart Ventricles/physiopathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE--To evaluate the role of casual and exercise blood pressure as well as the importance of clinical factors on the presence and degree of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension. METHODS--Fifteen normotensives (control group) and 30 hypertensives, 14 of them with and 16 without left ventricular hypertrophy (groups with LVH and without LVH, respectively) were studied. LVH diagnosis was established when mass index was higher than 2 standard-deviations of the mean values calculated for each sex in control group. Resting, casual determined, and bicycle exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressures along with age, body surface area, sex and race distribution were compared between groups. In addiction, their relation with mass index as independent variables were also tested. RESULTS--Hypertensives in group with LVH had higher diastolic septal, posterior wall, and relative wall thicknesses. No significant statistical difference was observed neither in sex and race distribution, nor in age and body surface area between groups. Otherwise, there were significant differences in both resting and exercise blood pressure. In the entire population studied, left ventricular mass index significantly correlated with age (r=0,33, p=0,03) as well as with both casual (systolic - r=0,72, p=0,0001; diastolic - r=0,69, p=0,0001) and exercise (systolic - r=0,62, p=0,0001; diastolic - r=0,66, p=0,0001) blood pressures. However, linear regression analysis demonstrated that only resting systolic (p=0,0001) and exercise diastolic (p=0,0303) blood pressures were significant and independent determinants of mass index. CONCLUSION--Resting and exercising blood pressures are the main determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure , Echocardiography , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Hypertension/complications , Exercise TestABSTRACT
PURPOSE--To evaluate the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment in the frequency as well as in the complexity of ventricular arrhythmias in arterial hypertension. METHODS--Twenty three patients, 14 males and 11 whites, with mean age of 46 years, were submitted to 24 hours ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and echocardiographic studies before and 9 months after antihypertensive treatment. RESULTS--There was no significant serum potassium level alteration, but significant reductions of both systolic (from 192 +/- 29mmHg to 161 +/- 25mmHg) and diastolic (from 122 +/- 17mmHg to 99 +/- 16mmHg) blood pressure. Left ventricular percent of fiber shortening significantly increased, even though only from 26 +/- 9 per cent to 30 +/- 9 per cent, and end-systolic wall stress did not change at all (before 258 +/- 94 10(3) dyn/cm2, after 255 +/- 101 10(3) dyn/cm2). Left ventricular mass index showed significant but also a discrete reduction from 211 +/- 75g/m2 to 196 +/- 70g/m2. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring did not show any significant decrease in neither ventricular ectopic beats nor in couplets. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia episodes remained unchanged too. Four out of 8 patients with more than 30 ventricular ectopic beats per hour reduced it by more than 70 per cent. On the other hand, the number of patients with couplets was reduced from 10 to 8 whilst those with non-sustained ventricular tachycardia increased from 5 to 7. Furthermore, in 7 patients reevaluated 24 months thereafter results were not expressively dissimilar. CONCLUSION--In hypertensive patients with either severe degree of left ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial dysfunction, long-term blood pressure treatment that produce no impressive changes in these abnormalities also do not modify complex ventricular arrhythmias, in spite of a great reduction in the increase blood pressure
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure , Time Factors , Echocardiography/drug effects , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/drug effects , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Ventricular Function, Left , Hypertension/drug therapyABSTRACT
PurposeTo evaluate the evolution of patients with critical aortic stenosis (AS) submitted to balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). Patients and Methodssixteen patients (mean age 74.0 ± 5.1 years), 11 (68.7%) women. The study periods consisted during the 3 rd (post-1) and 15th month (post-2) after dilatation. ResultsThe functional class of angina and dyspnea persisted in all patients during period post-1, in 75% of theo patients, during period post-2 in relation to intra-hospital evaluation. However, in period post-1, 53% of the patients had significant reduction of aortic valve area, trend which remained in period post-2. Simultaneously, progressive (insignificant) elevation of the left ventricular aortic peak to peak gradient was noticed in the periods post-1 and post-2. Two deaths and two aortic valve replacements occurred during the study. ConclusionBAV is associated to maintenance of functional class improvement obtained immediatly after dilatation despite the aortic valve restenosis registered by echodopplercardiography
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Catheterization , Echocardiography, Doppler , Aortic Valve Stenosis/therapy , Recurrence , Rest , Follow-Up Studies , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Dyspnea/therapy , Angina Pectoris/physiopathology , Angina Pectoris/therapy , Physical Exertion , Aortic Valve Stenosis/diagnosis , Aortic Valve Stenosis/physiopathology , Evaluation Study , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology , Aortic Valve/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Estudar as características d e pacientes submetidos a valvoplastia mitral por cateter-balão (VMPB) que necessitaram de intervenção cirúrgica após a mesma. Casuística e Métodos: 105 pacientes submetidos a VMPB divididos em grupo I (Gl) composto por 18 pacientes operados e Grupo II (GII) por 87 não submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica no coração. Foram analisados: 1 ) idades; 2) sexo; 3) área valvar mitral (AVM) e gradiente transvalvar mitral médio (G) ao ecodopplercardiograma; 4) caráter da VMPB; 5) método utilizado na VMPB; 6) intervalo de tempo entre VMPB e cirurgia relacionado à indicação operatória; 7) achado operatório; 8) operação efetuada; 9) evolução pós-operatória...
Purpose: To study the characteristics of patients undergoing catheter-balloon mitral valvoplasty (CBVM) procedure who needed surgical intervention after CBMV. Patients and Methods: One hundred and five patients submitted a CBMV were divided in to Group I (GI) of eighteen surgical patients and Group II (GII) of eighty-seven non-surgical patients. The following parameters were analyzed. 1) age; 2) sex; 3) mitral valve area (MVA) and mean transvalvar gradiente (G) by echodopplercardography (2D); 4) Character of CBMV; 6) Relation of time between CBMV and Surgery with surgical indication; 7) Surgical fidings; 8) Surgical procedure and 9) Post-operative evolution...