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1.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 37: e126, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1528136

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories (OMPLs) in Brazilian public universities to the diagnosis of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A cross-sectional study was performed using biopsy records from a consortium of sixteen public OMPLs from all regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South). Clinical and demographic data of patients diagnosed with lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCC between 2010 and 2019 were collected from the patients' histopathological records. Of the 120,010 oral and maxillofacial biopsies (2010-2019), 6.9% (8,321 cases) were diagnosed as lip (0.8%, 951 cases), oral cavity (4.9%, 5,971 cases), and oropharyngeal (1.2%, 1,399 cases) SCCs. Most cases were from Brazil's Southeast (64.5%), where six of the OMPLs analyzed are located. The predominant profile of patients with lip and oral cavity SCC was Caucasian men, with a mean age over 60 years, low schooling level, and a previous history of heavy tobacco consumption. In the oropharyngeal group, the majority were non-Caucasian men, with a mean age under 60 years, had a low education level, and were former/current tobacco and alcohol users. According to data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, approximately 9.9% of the total lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCCs reported over the last decade in Brazil may have been diagnosed at the OMPLs included in the current study. Therefore, this data confirms the contribution of public OMPLs with respect to the important diagnostic support they provide to the oral healthcare services extended by the Brazilian Public Health System.

2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 21: eAO0230, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430291

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the effects of enfuvirtide on pregnancy in albino rats and their fetuses. Methods Forty pregnant EPM 1 Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control (E) (distilled water twice/day), G1 (4mg/kg/day enfuvirtide), G2 (12mg/kg/day enfuvirtide), and G3 (36mg/kg/day enfuvirtide) groups. On the 20th day of gestation, the rats were anesthetized and subjected to cesarean section. Their blood was collected for laboratory analysis, and they were sacrificed. The offspring's fragments of their kidneys, liver, and placentas and the maternal rats' fragments of their lungs, kidneys, and liver were separated in the immediate postpartum period for light microscopy analysis. Results No maternal deaths occurred. In the second week at the end of pregnancy, the mean weight of the G3 Group was significantly lower than that of the G2 Group (p=0.029 and p=0.028, respectively). Analyzing blood laboratory parameters, the G1 Group had the lowest mean amylase level, and the G2 Group had the lowest mean hemoglobin level and the highest mean platelet count. In the morphological analysis, there were no changes in organs, such as the kidneys and liver, in both the maternal rats and offspring. Three maternal rats in the G3 Group had pulmonary inflammation in the lungs. Conclusion Enfuvirtide has no significant adverse effects on pregnancy, conceptual products, or functional alterations in maternal rats.

3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 120(5): e20220597, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439340

ABSTRACT

Resumo A hidatidose é uma zoonose causada pelo Echinococcus granulosus, levando à formação de cistos nos órgãos acometidos. O envolvimento cardíaco é raro e pode causar diversas complicações secundárias à ruptura, embolização ou compressão. Seu diagnóstico é desafiador, sendo confirmado por meio de dados relacionados a manifestações clínicas, exposição ambiental, exames laboratoriais e de imagem. A ressecção cirúrgica é necessária na maioria dos casos, sendo indicada a associação com terapia antiparasitária. No presente artigo, descreve-se um caso de cisto hidático cardíaco associado a bloqueio atrioventricular total em paciente jovem, com necessidade de implante de marcapasso, uma apresentação atípica e pouco relatada na literatura.


Abstract Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus, leading to the formation of cysts on involved organs. Cardiac involvement is rare and can cause a wide range of complications secondary to rupture, embolization, or compression. Its diagnosis is challenging, and is generally confirmed through data related to clinical manifestations, environmental exposure, and laboratory and imaging exams. Surgical removal is necessary in most cases, in which an association with antiparasite therapy is recommended. The present article describes a case of a cardiac hydatid cyst associated with a complete atrioventricular block (AVB) in a young adult patient, with the need for a pacemaker implant, an atypical presentation, and scarce reports in the literature.

4.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 20(1): e210153, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1365199

ABSTRACT

Despite several difficulties in chromosomal analyses of small-sized fishes, the cytogenetics of the Lebiasinidae was largely improved in the last years, showing differential patterns in the chromosomal evolution inside the family. In this context, it has been shown that genus Lebiasina preserves its karyotypic macrostructure, composed of 2n = 36 chromosomes, whereas the other genera generally present higher 2n. This study focused on the comparative cytogenetics of three Lebiasina species, one of them analyzed here for the first time, using conventional and molecular procedures. The results reinforced the differentiated evolutionary path of the genus Lebiasina while, at the same time, highlighted the genomic particularities that have accompanied the evolution of each species. In this sense, the repetitive components of the genome played a significant role in the differentiation of each species. It is also notable that L. minuta and L. melanoguttata, the two species that occur exclusively in the Brazilian territory, show greater chromosomal similarities to each other than to the trans-Andean sister species, L. bimaculata.(AU)


Apesar das dificuldades encontradas em se realizar análises cromossômicas em peixes de pequeno porte, os estudos citogenéticos em Lebiasinidae vêm crescendo nos últimos anos e demonstrando padrões diferenciados na evolução cromossômica entre os membros da família. Nesse contexto, o gênero Lebiasina tem mostrado preservar sua macroestrutura cariotípica, composta por 2n = 36 cromossomos, enquanto os demais gêneros geralmente apresentam 2n maiores. Este estudo tem como foco a citogenética comparativa de três espécies de Lebiasina, sendo uma delas analisada pela primeira vez aqui, através do emprego de técnicas convencionais e moleculares. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a trajetória evolutiva diferenciada do gênero Lebiasina, ao mesmo tempo em que evidenciam as particularidades genômicas que acompanham a evolução de cada uma das espécies. Neste contexto, os componentes repetitivos do genoma tiveram um papel importante na caracterização particular de cada uma das espécies. Também, é notável que L. minuta e L. melanoguttata, duas espécies que ocorrem exclusivamente no território brasileiro, apresentam maior proximidade citogenética entre elas do que com a espécie irmã transandina, L. bimaculata.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Chromosomes , Genome , Cytogenetics , Characiformes/genetics , Hybridization, Genetic
5.
São José dos Campos; s.n; 2022. 107 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1361879

ABSTRACT

O estresse agrava a doença periodontal por vários mecanismos, sendo a estimulação do sistema nervoso simpático (SNS) um deles. A literatura mostra que a estimulação de receptores ß-adrenérgicos (ß-AR) aumenta a angiogênese em ossos longos, e a expansão microvascular agrava a periodontite. Ainda, catecolaminas aumentam a virulência de periodontopatógenos e agem na resposta imune. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar: (1) a inervação simpática no periodonto e a influência da ativação do SNS na vascularização periodontal em camundongos e (2) a influência do sistema adrenérgico nos fatores de virulência de Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) e na resposta imunológica a este patógeno in vivo (Galleria mellonella). Na primeira parte, camundongos receberam injeção intraperitoneal de solução salina (PBS) ou isoproterenol (ISO; agonista não seletivo ß adrenérgico) por 1 mês, para detecção in situ de tirosina hidroxilase, neuropeptídeo Y, transportador de norepinefrina (NET) e endomucina em mandíbulas. Expressão de mRNA de Vegf-a, Il-1ß, Il-6, Adrb2 e Rankl foi quantificada 2 h após administração de ISO/PBS em mandíbula e tíbias, que serviram como controle positivo. Diferentemente das tíbias, não houve alteração na expressão dos genes analisados em mandíbula. Por outro lado, NET foi mais expresso no osso alveolar do que na tíbia, sendo detectado nos osteoblastos, osteócitos e células do ligamento. Embora o padrão de inervação e a expressão de Adrb2 sejam semelhantes entre mandíbula e tíbia, o tratamento com ISO não influenciou no número e área de vasos positivos para endomucina. Na segunda parte, investigamos a influência adrenérgica na resposta imune de G. mellonella durante infecção por Pg utilizando norepinefrina (NE; agonista α e ß adrenérgico) e ISO. Pg também foi cultivada na presença de ISO (PgISO) ou NE para avaliação da ação direta dos compostos na bactéria. ISO sistêmico protegeu as larvas da infecção por Pg, aumentando o número de hemócitos e reduzindo a contagem de células de Pg na hemolinfa, exclusivamente pelo ß-AR. Diferentemente, NE aumentou mortalidade, diminuiu o número de hemócitos. Apenas PgISO aumentou a morte das larvas, apesar de ambos, NE e ISO, terem aumentado a expressão de fatores de virulência na bactéria in vitro. ISO circulante, concomitante com PgISO, reduziu parcialmente a mortalidade das larvas. A influência do estresse na doença periodontal envolve diversas vias que alteram os dois pilares da periodontite (microbiota e sistema imune). No entanto, a ação na resposta do hospedeiro parece ser superior, uma vez que a estimulação ß-AR em osso alveolar saudável não alterou a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias ou microvascularização e a modulação da resposta imune em G. mellonella por compostos adrenérgicos foi mais importante para o desfecho da infecção que sua ação direta sobre a bactéria.


Stress aggravates periodontitis, and one possible mechanism is the activation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The literature shows that stimulation of ß-adrenergic receptors (ß-AR) induces angiogenesis in long bones, and microvasculature amplification was linked to periodontitis severity. Moreover, catecholamines increase the virulence of some periodontopathogenic bacteria in vitro and influences the innate immunity. Thus, the aim of this study was (1) evaluate the presence and influence of the SNS in the stimulation of periodontal vasculature, and (2) the influence of the adrenergic system on Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) virulence and on the immunological response to this pathogen in vivo (Galleria mellonella larvae). For the first part, mice received isoproterenol (ISO, a non-selective ß-AR agonist) or saline (PBS) for 1 month, for in situ analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y, norepinephrine transporter (NET) and endomucin in the mandibles. Vegfa, Il-1ß, Il-6, Adrb2 and Rankl mRNA expression was assessed 2 hours after PBS/ISO treatment for mandibles and tibia, that served as positive control. We observed that, differently from the tibia, the expression of these genes did not alter on the mandible. However, NET expression was detected in osteoblasts, osteocytes, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and were higher expressed when compared to the tibias from the same animals. Although the pattern of sympathetic innervation and Adrb2 expression were similar between tissues, ISO treatment did not increase the area or number of endomucin+ vessels. For the second part, we addressed the adrenergic signaling influence on G. mellonella immune system during Pg infection using norepinephrine (NE, α- and ß-AR agonist), ISO and octopamine (insect's endogenous hormone). Pg was also cultivated in the presence of ISO (PgISO) or NE to investigate the direct action of the ligands on bacterial virulence. Systemic administration of ISO protected the larvae from Pg infection by increasing hemocyte density accompanied by reduction of Pg load in hemolymph, in a ß-AR manner. In contrast, NE increased mortality, with decreased hemocyte count and no influence on the other parameters. Only PgISO increased larvae death, despite of ISO and NE increased virulence in vitro. The concomitant injection of systemic ISO partially reversed the toxicity of the PgISO. The influence of stress on periodontitis involves different pathways, that alter the two pillars of disease's pathogenesis (microbiota and immune system). However, the influence on the host's inflammatory response seems to overcome the other players, since ß-AR activation on healthy alveolar bone didn't alter cytokines production or microvasculature. Besides, the modulation of innate immunity by adrenergic signaling in G. mellonella was more important for the disease's outcome than it's direct action on the bacteria.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Periodontitis , Stress, Psychological , Sympathetic Nervous System , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Virulence Factors
6.
Arq. bras. psicol. (Rio J. 2003) ; 72(spe): 139-155, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149129

ABSTRACT

Ao tomar a pandemia de Covid-19 como contexto e analisador, este artigo discute os elos históricos entre o racismo e a gestão medicalizada do direito de vida e de morte no Brasil. Parte-se do entendimento de que a escuta e manejo clínicos das situações de sofrimento psíquico no contexto da medicalização da vida (na pandemia, e mesmo fora dela) implicam, necessariamente, fazer também crítica social. Para tal, propomos um debate que enoda teoria da clínica, as histórias da medicina social e da psicanálise no Brasil, e os conceitos de bio e necropolítica. Nossa hipótese é a de que se por um lado, em sua chegada ao Brasil, a psicanálise foi "cooptada" por uma tradição médica higienista (o que polarizou por anos a forma como ela foi vista em nosso país), por outro, por sua estrutura conceitual, pelo contraponto inicial com o modernismo brasileiro, e por seu atual debate sobre a segregação, essa práxis pode explicitar sua potência e vocação antirracista.


Taking Covid-19 Pandemic as a context and analyzer, this article discusses the historical links between racism and the medicalized management of the right to life and death in Brazil. It is based on the understanding that listening and clinical management of situations of psychological distress in the context of the medicalization of life (in Pandemic, and even outside it) necessarily imply making social criticism as well. To this end, we propose a debate that encapsulates clinical theory, the histories of social medicine and psychoanalysis in Brazil, and the concepts of bio and necropolitics. Our hypothesis is that if, on the one hand, on its arrival in Brazil, psychoanalysis was "co-opted" by a hygienist medical tradition (which for years polarized the way it was seen in our country), on the other, by its conceptual structure, by the initial counterpoint with Brazilian modernism, and by its current debate on segregation, this praxis can make explicit its anti-racist power and vocation.


Tomando como como contexto y analizador la Pandemia Covid-19, este artículo analiza los vínculos históricos entre el racismo y la gestión medicalizada del derecho a la vida y muerte en Brasil. Se basa en el entendimiento de que la escucha y el manejo clínico de situaciones de malestar psicológico en el contexto de la medicalización de la vida (en Pandemia, e incluso fuera de ella) implica necesariamente hacer también crítica social. Para ello, proponemos un debate que encapsula la teoría clínica, las historias de la medicina social y el psicoanálisis en Brasil, y los conceptos de biopoder y necropolítica. Nuestra hipótesis es que, si, por un lado, a su llegada a Brasil, el psicoanálisis fue "cooptado" por una tradición médica higienista (que durante años polarizó la forma en que se veía en nuestro país), por el otro, por su estructura conceptual, por el contrapunto inicial con el modernismo brasileño, y por su actual debate sobre la segregación, esta praxis puede hacer explícito su poder y vocación antirracista.


Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Social Medicine , Pandemics , Racism , Social Theory , Brazil
7.
Autops. Case Rep ; 10(4): e2020181, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131852

ABSTRACT

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a solid tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, most commonly found in childhood, standing for 7% of all pediatric malignancies. The incidence in adults is markedly smaller: 1 case per 10 million adults per year. We report the case of a previously healthy 27-year-old woman who started with lumbar pain, asthenia, and abdominal distension over the last month. A chest and abdomen tomography scan showed a huge mass in the upper left hemithorax and marked hepatomegaly. The diagnosis was confirmed by hepatic and lung biopsies. On day 4, after admission, the patient started chemotherapy. On the following days, she had severe vaginal bleeding, epistaxis, worsening of the hepatic function markers, refractory shock, and multiple organ dysfunction. She died on the twelfth day of admission. We also present a review of adult cases of NB reported in the past 5 years.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Tumor Lysis Syndrome/pathology , Neuroblastoma/pathology , Fatal Outcome
8.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 13(3): 356-360, July-Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039649

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has heterogeneous clinical presentations. Amnestic progressive disorder leading to dementia is the most typical, but non-amnestic presentations are also recognized. Here we report a case of frontal variant of AD. A right-handed woman, aged 68 years, was referred for progressive behavioral disorders and personality changes. She had a corroborated history of dietary changes, hyperorality, impulsivity, affective indifference and apathy, with functional impairment. Cognitive assessment yielded severe executive deficits. Positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose showed marked hypometabolism in frontotemporal regions, with relative preservation of parietal regions. CSF AD biomarkers showed low Aß42, high Tau and high P-Tau. The patient fulfilled criteria for probable behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. However, considering the AD pathophysiological signature on CSF biomarkers, a diagnosis of frontal variant of AD was established. In the perspective of disease-modifying therapies, it is important to identify atypical Alzheimer presentations, as these patients may be candidates for specific treatments.


RESUMO. A doença de Alzheimer (DA) tem apresentações clínicas heterogêneas. Amnésia progressiva associada a demência é a forma mais comum, mas apresentações não-amnésticas são também reconhecidas. Relatamos um caso de variante frontal da DA. Um mulher destra, de 68 anos, consultou-se devido a transtornos comportamentais progressivos, com alterações de personalidade. Modificações de padrão alimentar, hiperoralidade, impulsividade, indiferença afetiva e apatia, com declínio funcional, foram corroboradas pela família. A avaliação cognitiva evidenciou grave disfunção executiva. A tomografia de emissão de pósitrons com flúordeoxiglicose revelou proeminente hipometabolismo em regiões frontotemporais, com relativa preservação de regiões parietais. A análise de biomarcadores de DA no líquido cefalorraquidiano mostrou redução de níveis de Aß42, com aumento de níveis de Tau e P-Tau. A paciente preencheu critérios diagnósticos para demência frontotemporal (variante comportamental) provável. Contudo, considerando o perfil de biomarcadores em favor de fisiopatologia da DA, o diagnóstico de variante frontal de DA foi estabelecido. Na perspectiva de tratamentos modificadores da doença, é crucial identificar apresentações atípicas da DA, visto que esses pacientes podem ser candidatos a terapias específicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers , Frontotemporal Dementia , Alzheimer Disease
9.
Autops. Case Rep ; 9(1): e2018046, Jan.-Mar. 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-987538

ABSTRACT

Oral involvement is rarely found in histoplasmosis, except in its disseminated form, which is mostly observed in the severely immunocompromised host. Herein, we presented the case of a 36-year-old female with a previous history of liver transplant, who was hospitalized due to fever, chills, night sweats, diarrhea, and painful oral lesions over the last 3 days. The oral examination revealed the presence of painful shallow ulcers lined by a pseudomembrane in the gingiva and the soft and hard palate. The initial working diagnosis comprised cytomegalovirus reactivation or herpes simplex virus infection. The diagnostic work-up included incisional biopsies of the gingiva and the sigmoid colon. Both biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Intravenous itraconazole was administered with significant improvement after 7 days. Although oral involvement is rare, histoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions, particularly when the patient is immunosuppressed. This study reports a rare presentation of histoplasmosis involving the mucosa of the oral cavity and the colon.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Immunosuppression Therapy , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Oral Ulcer/pathology , Histoplasmosis/pathology
10.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 54(2): e17149, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951928

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Griseofulvin (GF) and terbinafine (TF) are commonly used drugs to treat dermatophytosis, a fungal infection of the skin. Today there is an increase in drug resistance to these antifungals which highlight the need for alternative synergistic therapies. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of GF and TF were determined against fungi clinical isolates from local hospitals with values ranging 0.03-2.0 µg mL-1 and 0.24-4.0 µg mL-1, respectively. A checkboard test was used to determine the combination of GF:TF which could induce an additive effect against the fungi isolates Multidrug-resistant isolates showed susceptibility after treatment with 16:2 µg mL-1 GF:TF. An MTT assay further verified that GF and TF combinations have greater additive effect against pathological and multidrug-resistant isolates than antifungals alone. Herein we disclose GF:TF combinations that could constitute as a possible new anti-dermatophyte therapy.


Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques/methods , Drug Combinations , Griseofulvin/analysis , Tinea/pathology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/instrumentation , Dermatomycoses/classification , Arthrodermataceae/classification , Antifungal Agents/analysis
11.
J. appl. oral sci ; 25(5): 490-497, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-893659

ABSTRACT

Abstract Periodontal research involves the use of animal models to better understand the biological processes of periodontal diseases and the potential of new or existing therapies. Currently, ligature-induced periodontitis in rats is the main model used in periodontal research, in this model, alveolar bone loss (ABL) is the main parameter evaluated by radiographic, morphometric, and histological techniques. Interestingly, although these methodologies are widely used, it is not totally clarified neither the kinetics of ABL over the induction time nor the agreement degree (repeatability and reproducibility) of these techniques. Objective: To characterize ABL kinetics at 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after ABL induction by ligature and to evaluate the intra- (repeatability) and inter-examiner (reproducibility) agreement and the correlation among the radiographic, morphometric, and histological methodologies. Material and Methods: 60 male Wistar rats with induced ABL were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n = 10 animals/group). After 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, the animals were euthanized and their hemimandibles were removed for ABL determination using radiographic, morphometric and histological techniques. Results: Radiographic and morphometric/linear techniques allowed the detection of statistically significant ABL on the third day, while histological and morphometric/area techniques could only detect ABL after the seventh day (ANOVA/Tukey, p<0.05). After the fifteenth day, except for histological analysis, the ABL was stabilized. Concerning the agreement of the methodologies, Bland Altman's test (intra and inter-examiner evaluations) showed no difference among the measurements (p>0.05). In addition, high correlations (Pearson's test, r2>0.9, p<0.05) were observed. Conclusion: The results indicated that the minimum time for ABL induction could vary from 3 to 7 days, according to the chosen analysis methodology. Agreement and correlation data support the comparison of results between studies with same induction time.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Periodontitis/etiology , Periodontitis/pathology , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Periodontitis/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Time Factors , Kinetics , Radiography, Dental , Random Allocation , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Alveolar Bone Loss/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss/diagnostic imaging , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal , Ligation
12.
Clinics ; 72(7): 400-404, July 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890711

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) is a rapid and reliable method for screening aneuploidies, but in Brazil, it is not used in public services. We investigated the accuracy of QF-PCR for the prenatal recognition of common aneuploidies and compared these results with cytogenetic results in our laboratory. METHOD: A ChromoQuant QF-PCR kit containing 24 primer pairs targeting loci on chromosomes 21, 13, 18, X and Y was employed to identify aneuploidies of the referred chromosomes. RESULTS: A total of 162 amniotic fluid samples analyzed using multiplex QF-PCR were compared with karyotyping analysis. The QF-PCR results were consistent with the results of cytogenetic analysis in 95.4% of all samples. CONCLUSION: QF-PCR was demonstrated to be efficient and reliable for prenatal aneuploidy screening. This study suggests that QF-PCR can be used as a rapid diagnostic method. However, rearrangements and some mosaic samples cannot be detected with this test; thus, those exceptions must undergo cytogenetic analysis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Aneuploidy , Brazil , Prospective Studies , Cytogenetic Analysis , Fluorescence , Karyotyping
13.
Autops. Case Rep ; 7(1): 37-41, Jan.-Mar. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-905131

ABSTRACT

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is an uncommon tumor characterized by an aggressive behavior with early metastasis, usually to the contralateral lung, liver, brain, and bones. There are only five cases of this particular tumor metastasizing to the oral cavity described in the English literature. We present the case of metastatic SCLC in the mandible with radiographic findings resembling a residual cyst. A 66-year-old man with previous diagnosis and treatment for a SCLC was referred to the Stomatology Department with a history of persistent pain in the mandible 1 year after the inferior right pre-molar tooth extraction. The radiographic exam showed a well-delimited radiolucent area on that extracted tooth's region resembling a residual cyst. Biopsy was performed yielding the diagnosis of metastatic SCLC. The patient was referred to the clinical oncologist for chemotherapy. Although uncommon, this tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of jawbone lesions, particularly when the patient presents a previous diagnosis of SCLC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cysts/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Mandible/pathology , Pain/etiology
14.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 28(2): 44-49, 20160000.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-2807

ABSTRACT

O papilomavírus humano (HPV) é uma grande preocupação na saúde pública e privada. A prevenção dessa condição é a combinação do uso do exame de Papanicolaou, de preservativos e de vacinas contra o HPV. Campos dos Goytacazes é o primeiro município brasileiro a implementar em setembro de 2010 a vacina quadrivalente contra o HPV (Gardasil®) para meninas de 11 a 15 anos de idade em uma estratégia híbrida de vacinação (escolas e centros de saúde). Em 2014, a vacinação começou para os meninos na mesma época em que o Ministério da Saúde introduziu a vacina para as meninas. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as tendências na redução de anormalidades cervicais de baixo grau cinco anos depois da introdução da vacina quadrivalente de HPV na cidade (resultado primário). Além disso, esta investigação avaliou o risco relativo de cada grupo analisado, de maneira a explicar o efeito protetor da vacina (resultado secundário). Métodos: A análise ecológica avaliou o impacto da vacinação contra o HPV como um fator protetor contra o baixo risco de anormalidades pelo HPV. Os resultados do teste de Papanicolaou, obtidos por meio do Sistema de Informação do Câncer do Colo do Útero (Siscolo) do Ministério da Saúde, foram categorizados em anormalidades de baixo grau (LGA) e anormalidades de alto grau (HGA). Este estudo preliminar foi centrado nas taxas de LGA, as quais foram estimadas para o período de um mês e estratificadas por quatro grupos etários (<20; 20-24; 25- 30; >30 anos) de 2007 a 2014. A comparação quantitativa das tendências temporais de LGA antes e depois da vacinação foi feita com análise de regressão de Quase-Poisson. O efeito protetor da vacina ao longo do tempo foi avaliado por cálculo do risco relativo em cada grupo de idade. Resultados: O estudo mostrou diminuição significativa de mais de 60% em LGA em mulheres de <20 anos de idade e de pelo menos cerca de 50% para os outros grupos. A vacina contra o HPV foi um fator de proteção, por causa do resultado do risco relativo de <0,0001 em todas as idades. Conclusões: Embora os estudos mostrem que as lesões pré-neoplásicas do HPV possam ser reversíveis espontaneamente, é inegável que a vacina contribuiu grandemente para as taxas elevadas de redução, associadas com a alta cobertura vacinal. Esses resultados são os primeiros no Brasil e podem dirigir no futuro a necessidade de discutir a vacinação dos meninos no contexto dos mesmos resultados obtidos na Austrália


Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a huge concern in public and private health. The prevention of this condition is the combination of the use of Papanicolaou smear test, condoms and HPV vaccines. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, is the first Brazilian municipality to implement in September 2010 the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardasil®) for girls in the age group of 11­15 years, in a hybrid strategy of vaccination (schools and health centers). In 2014, the vaccination was started also for boys, at the same time that the Ministry of Health introduced it for girls. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the trends in reduction of low-grade cervical abnormalities five years after the introduction of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in this municipality (primary outcome). Furthermore, this study evaluated the relative risk (RR) of each of the groups studied, in order to explain the protective effect of the vaccine (secondary outcome). Methods: The ecological analysis evaluated the impact of HPV vaccination as a protective factor against low risk of HPV abnormalities. Results of the Pap smear test obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Sistema de Informação do Câncer do Colo do Útero (SISCOLO) were categorized in low-grade abnormalities (LGA) and high-grade abnormalities (HGA). This preliminary study focused in LGA rates, which were estimated for a 1-month period and then stratified by four age groups (<20; 20­24; 25­30; >30 years) from 2007 to 2014. A quantitative comparison of LGA temporal trends before and after vaccination was done with Quasi-Poisson regression analysis. The protective effect of the vaccine over time was evaluated by calculating the RR in each age group. Results: The study showed significant decrease of more than 60% in LGA in women <20 years old, and less, almost 50% for the other groups. HPV vaccine was a protective factor, because the RR result was <0.0001 in all age groups. Conclusions: Although the studies show that the pre-HPV neoplastic lesions may be reversible spontaneously, it is undeniable that the vaccine contributes greatly to the high reduction rates, associated with high vaccination coverage. These results are the first in Brazil and in future may address the necessity to discuss the vaccination for boys in the context of the same results obtained in Australia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18 , Vaccination Coverage , Papillomaviridae , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Papanicolaou Test
15.
Braz. dent. j ; 27(3): 261-266, May-June 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782832

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this case control study was to assess the association between the extent and severity of chronic periodontitis and oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The case group comprised 35 patients (mean age 56.1±8.4), diagnosed for oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The control group comprised 40 individuals (mean age 55.4±9.4) without diagnostic of cancer. All individuals were subjected to a periodontal examination, including bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and decayed, extracted and filled teeth index (DMFT). The case group had significantly more sites with plaque. GI and BOP had similar values in both groups. The median PPD and CAL values were significantly higher for the case group. Chronic generalized periodontitis was predominant in 80% of patients with oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. Eighty nine percent of the patients in the case group presented severe chronic periodontitis. There was no significant difference between groups for median values of DMFT. The extent and severity of chronic periodontitis remained as risk indicators for oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer even after the adjustments for traditional confound factors, i.e. smoking and alcohol consumption.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo caso controle foi determinar a associação entre extensão e severidade da periodontite crônica e câncer da cavidade oral e/ou orofaringe. O grupo caso consistiu de 35 pacientes (idade média 56,1±8,4), diagnosticados para câncer oral e/ou de orofaringe. O grupo controle foi composto por 40 pacientes (idade média 55,4±9,4) sem diagnóstico de câncer. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame periodontal, incluindo sangramento à sondagem, índice de placa, índice gengival, profundidade de sondagem e nível de inserção clínica, além do índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD). O grupo caso tinha significativamente mais sítios com placa. Índice gengival e sangramento à sondagem mostraram valores similares em ambos os grupos. A mediana dos valores de profundidade de bolsa à sondagem e nível de inserção clínica foram significativamente maiores para o grupo caso. A prevalência de periodontite crônica generalizada foi de 80% em pacientes com câncer oral e/ou de orofaringe. Oitenta e nove por cento dos pacientes no grupo de caso apresentaram periodontite crônica severa. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos para os valores medianos de CPOD. A extensão e severidade da periodontite crônica permaneceram como indicadores de risco para câncer oral e/ou de orofaringe mesmo após o ajuste para fatores de confundimento tradicional, isto é, fumo e consumo de álcool.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Chronic Periodontitis/complications , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/complications , Periodontal Pocket
16.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 32(1): 229-237, jan.-mar. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-782082

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O texto resulta de uma revisão da literatura a respeito das concepções e formulações hegemônicas atuais sobre o alcoolismo, com vistas a identificarmos as principais proposições em relação à sua etiologia. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados segundo as formulações da saúde mental com base na epidemiologia crítica marxista, com objetivo de historicizar as concepções encontradas. Identificou-se que a etiologia bio-psico-social, com prevalência na determinação biológica, apresentou-se como proposta recorrente para explicação do alcoolismo. Tal enfoque aponta a uma individualização do problema do abuso do álcool e a uma fragmentação das múltiplas determinações que compõem tal problema.


ABSTRACT This text is the result of a literature review about the current conceptions and hegemonic formulations on alcoholism, in order to identify the principal propositions to its etiology. The obtained results were analyzed according to the mental health formulations based on a Marxist critical epidemiology, with the objective to place the identified concepts in a historical context. The results indicated that that the bio-psycho-social etiology, with prevalence in biological determination, has been proposed for recurrent explanation of alcoholism. This explanation demonstrates an individualization about alcohol abuse and a fragmentation of the multiple determinations that compose this problem.

17.
Psico (Porto Alegre) ; 47(1): 77-87, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-791770

ABSTRACT

O transtorno bipolar é um transtorno mental crônico, recorrente e incothercitante. Entretanto, em crianças e adolescentes pode manifestar-se de forma diferente do padrão clássico descrito na idade adulta. Objetivou-se revisar e analisar estudos empíricos de intervenções psicossociais realizadas para o transtorno bipolar em crianças e adolescentes quanto aos seus objetivos, método, principais resultados e discussão. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de 21 artigos de intervenção psicossocial publicados entre 1999 e 2014. Constatou-se diversidade quanto às variáveis investigadas, tais como método, delineamento experimental, amostra, instrumentos e temas. Apesar disso, os estudos demonstraram eficácia em alguns aspectos estudados, em especial a comunicação e a informação aos pacientes e familiares. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre transtorno bipolar em crianças e adolescentes, de modo a contribuir para a elaboração de ações ou programas de intervenção direcionados especificamente para esta população.


The bipolar disorder is a chronic, recurrent and incothercitating mental disease. Although with children and adolescents could occur differently than in adult age. The aim of this study was review and analyze empirical studies of psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder with children and adolescents related to objectives, method, main results and data discussion. A systematic review was performance of 21 psychosocial intervention’s articles, published between 1999 and 2014. The results showed diversity related to investigated variables, such as method, experimental design, sample, instruments and themes. Despite this, the studies demonstrated efficacy in some aspects investigated, specially communication and information to patients and their families. It suggests researches about bipolar disorder in children and adolescents to contribute for a large number of actions and intervention programs directly to this population.


El trastorno mental crónico es un trastorno mental crónico, recurrente y incothercitante. Sin embargo, en los niños y adolescentes pueden manifestar patrón diferente del descrito en la edad adulta. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar y analizar los estudios empíricos de las intervenciones psicosociales para el trastorno bipolar en niños y adolescentes cuanto a los objetivos, método, principales resultados y discusión. Una revisión sistemática analizó 21 intervenciones psicosociales los artículos publicados entre 1999 y 2014. Se obtuvo diversidad cuanto a las variables investigadas, como el método, el delineamiento experimental, amuestra, instrumentos y temas. Sin embargo, los estudios demostraran eficacia en algunos de los aspectos investigados, en especial la comunicación y la información para los pacientes y familiares. Se sugiere el desarrollo de estudios sobre el trastorno bipolar en niños y adolescentes, de modo a contribuir para la elaboración de acciones y programas de intervención direccionados para esta población.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Bipolar Disorder , Mental Disorders , Psychology, Child , Psychology, Adolescent
18.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 73(4): 199-201, Jul-Aug/2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-730586

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Evaluate the magnitude of cyclotorsion during cataract surgery in patients with indication for intraocular toric lenses comparing the results after peribulbar and after topical anesthesia. Methods: This prospective study comprised 112 eyes that underwent cataract surgery with implantation of toric intraocular lens by topical anesthesia or peribulbar block. We estimated how many degrees of cyclotorsion occurred after topical anesthesia and peribulbar block with the patient in supine position. A tag was performed in the position of 180 degrees of the right eye and zero degrees of the left eye, with the patient seated. Afterwards, it was requested a change to the supine position and then a new dial in 180 and zero degrees respectively from right and left eye were made. Results: The current study demonstrated that patients submitted to cataract surgery with implantation of toriclens under local anesthesia showed approximately 6.89 degrees of incyclotorsion (82 eyes) and 6.93 degrees of excyclotorsion (38 eyes) and a mean of cyclotorsion of 6.91 degrees. Patients undergoing peribulbar block showed 5.68 degrees of incyclotorsion (73 eyes) and 4.81 degrees of excyclotorsion (47 eyes) and a mean of cyclotorsion of 4.92 degrees. Conclusion: Through the study we can see that the movement of incyclotorsion in patients undergoing peribulbar anesthesia was lower when compared to topical anesthesia. This is relevant since the greater the incyclotorsion, the lower the predictability of the surgery and the lower the chance of obtaining excellent results in the final refractometric. .


Objetivo: Avaliar a magnitude da ciclotorção durante a cirurgia de catarata em pacientes com indicação de lentes intraoculares tóricas comparando os resultados após o bloqueio peribulbar e após a anestesia tópica. Métodos: Esse estudo prospectivo compreende 112 olhos que foram submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com implante de lente intraocular tórica por meio de anestesia tópica ou bloqueio peribulbar. Foram estimados quantos graus de ciclotorção ocorreu após a anestesia tópica e após o bloqueio peribulbar, com o paciente em posição supina.Foi realizada uma marcação na posição de 180 graus do olho direito e zero grau do olho esquerdo, com o paciente sentado, em seguida,houve uma mudançade posição para decúbito dorsal, sendo realizadas novas marcações em 180 e zero graus dos olhos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. Resultados: O presente estudo demonstrou que pacientes submetidos à facoemulsificação com implante de lente tórica com anestesia tópica apresentaram aproximadamente 6.89 graus de inciclotorção (82 olhos) e 6,93 graus de exciclotorção (38 olhos) com uma média de ciclotorção de 6.91 graus. Já os pacientes submetidos à anestesia peribulbar apresentaram 5.68 graus de inciclotorção(73 olhos) e 4,81 graus de exciclotorção (47 olhos) com uma média de ciclotorção de 4,92. Conclusão: Através do estudo podemos observar que o movimento de inciclotorção em pacientes submetidos à anestesia peribulbar foi menor quando comparado ao da anestesia tópica. Isso se torna relevante uma vez que, quanto maior for a inciclotorção, menor a previsibilidade da cirurgia e menor a chance de obtenção de excelência nos resultados refratométricos finais. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Optical Rotation , Posture , Torsion Abnormality/diagnosis , Cataract Extraction , Supine Position , Visual Acuity , Prospective Studies , Administration, Topical , Cornea/physiology , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Eye Movements , Patient Positioning , Intraoperative Complications , Anesthesia, Local , Nerve Block
19.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 46(4): 665-677, Oct.-Dec. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622866

ABSTRACT

To develop and validate a rapid, specific and highly sensitive method to quantify nimodipine in human plasma using dibucaine as the internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS were extracted from plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction using hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1 v/v). The chromatographic separation was performed on a Varian® Polaris C18 analytical column (3 μm, 50 x 2.0 mm) and pre-column SecurityguardTM C18 (4.0 x 3.0 mm) with a mobile phase of Acetonitrile-Ammonium acetate 0.02 ml/L (80:20v/v). The method had a chromatographic run time of 4.5 min and linear calibration curve over the range of 0.1- 40 ng/mL (r > 0.9938). The limit of quantification was 100 pg/mL. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve ranges. This validated method was successfully applied in determining the pharmacokinetic profile of nimodipine tablets of 30 mg administered to 24 healthy volunteers. The proposed method of analysis provided a sensitive and specific assay for nimodipine determination in human plasma. The time for the determination of one plasma sample was 4.5 min. This method is suitable for the analysis of nimodipine in human plasma samples collected for pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies in humans.


Um método rápido, específico e sensível para quantificar nimodipino em plasma humano usando dibucaína como padrão interno (IS) é descrito. O analito e o IS foram extraídos das amostras de plasma por extração líquido-líquido usando hexano-acetato de etila (1:1 v/v). A separação cromatográfica foi realizada utilizando-se uma coluna analítica C18 Varian® Polaris (3 μm, 50 x 2,0 mm) e uma pré-coluna SecurityguardTM C18 (4,0 x 3,0 mm) e acetonitrila-acetato de amônia 0,02 mol/L (80:20 v/v) como fase móvel. O método apresentou tempo total de corrida de 4,5 min e curva de calibração linear com concentrações entre 0,1-40 ng/mL (r > 0,9938). O limite de quantificação foi de 100 pg/mL. Os valores de precisão e exatidão foram obtidos por meio da análise das amostras de controle de qualidade. A análise de uma única amostra de plasma foi realizada em 4,5 minutos. A metodologia validada foi aplicada na determinação do perfil farmacocinético do nimodipino, comprimido de 30 mg administrado em 24 voluntários saudáveis. O método para quantificar nimodipino em plasma é adequado para aplicação em estudos farmacocinéticos, biodisponibilidade e bioequivalência em humanos.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Diagnosis/methods , Nimodipine/analysis , Nimodipine/blood , Evaluation Studies as Topic/methods , Pharmacokinetics
20.
Radiol. bras ; 43(5): 281-287, set.-out. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567997

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar se a cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica duoisotópica(99mTc-sestamibi/tálio-201), método de alta sensibilidade para identificação do músculo viável, tem sua especificidade aumentada com a inclusão de informações sobre reserva contrátil miocárdica obtidas simultaneamente através de gated SPECT na vigência de baixas doses de dobutamina de forma semelhante ao ecocardiograma. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se 260 segmentos miocárdicos de 13 pacientes com infarto do miocárdio, encaminhados para pesquisa de viabilidade antes do procedimento de revascularização. Avaliaram-se a integridade celular e a reserva contrátil pela cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica duoisotópica com imagens de repouso e redistribuição do tálio-201 e de estresse (99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT), em condições basais e na vigência de baixas doses de dobutamina. A melhora do desempenho contrátil em controle cintilográfico pós-revascularização (99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT) confirmava a presença de viabilidade. Para análise dos resultados quantificaram-se os parâmetros funcionais dos segmentos miocárdicos nas diferentes etapas do estudo, estratificando-os quanto à viabilidade para posterior comparação funcional pós-revascularização. RESULTADOS: No tratamento estatístico a análise do espessamento sistólico se destacou como parâmetro de avaliação da reserva contrátil miocárdica pelo método, mostrando tendência a incremento na especificidade (84 por cento), demonstrando valores superiores aos da literatura. CONCLUSÃO: O método tende a apresentar contribuições efetivas na busca do miocárdio viável.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the increase in specificity of dual isotope myocardial perfusion gated SPECT (99mTc-sestamibi/thallium-201), a highly sensitive method to detect viable myocardium, with addition of data on contractile reserve simultaneously acquired by low-dose dobutamine gated SPECT, similarly to echocardiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 260 myocardial segments were assessed in 13 patients with myocardial infarction referred for investigation of myocardial viability before undergoing revascularization. Cellular integrity and contractile reserve were evaluated by dual isotope perfusion myocardial gated SPECT with thallium rest and redistribution images and post-stress 99mTc-sestamibi gated-SPECT images under basal conditions and with low-dose dobutamine. The improvement in the contractile performance detected by post-revascularization 99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT was the parameter considered for determining myocardial viability. For the purpose of results analysis, the functional parameters of the myocardial segments were quantified at the different phases of the study and stratified according to their viability for a later post-revascularization functional comparison. RESULTS: In the statistical analysis, systolic wall thickening demonstrated to be a relevant parameter in the evaluation of myocardial contractile reserve by this method, with a tendency of improvement in the specificity (84 percent), demonstrating higher values than those observed in the literature. CONCLUSION: This method tends to present an effective contribution in the assessment of myocardial viability.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Dobutamine , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Radionuclide Imaging/methods , Dobutamine , Sensitivity and Specificity
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