Epidemiological evaluation and survival of children with acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract Objective: This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics and survival rates of children with acute myeloid leukemia treated in hospitals in southern Brazil and compare them with international data. Methods: A multicenter cohort study was conducted with retrospective data collection of all new patients with acute myeloid leukemia under 18 treated at five referral centers in pediatric hematology-oncology in southern Brazil between January 2005 and December 2015. Results: Of the 149 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 63.0% (n = 94) were male. The median age at diagnosis was 10.5 years (range 0-18 years) and 40.3% (n = 60) had a white blood cell count below 50,000/mm2. The most common Franco-American-British (FAB) subtype was M3 (n = 43, 28.9%). Nine (6.0%) patients had central nervous system disease. In M3 patients, overall survival (OS) was 69.2% and 3-year event-free survival was 67.7%; in non-M3 patients, these rates were 45.3% and 36.7%, respectively. In non-M3 patients, OS was significantly different between transplanted (61.8%) and non-transplanted (38.2%) patients (p = 0.031). Conclusions: These results show a higher prevalence of the Franco-American-British M3 subtype than that reported in the international literature, as well as a decreased OS compared with that of developed countries. Further multicenter Brazilian studies with a larger sample size are encouraged to better understand the characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia, and to improve the treatment and prognosis in this population.

Are there regional variations in the presentation of childhood leukemia

Introduction: Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is based on risk stratification. This study aimed to assess the agreement between risk group classifications in the different childhood ALL treatment protocols used in a referral hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged 1 to 18 years with B-cell ALL treated at a hospital from January 2013 to April 2017. Agreement between risk classifications was assessed by the kappa coefficient. Results: Seventy-five patients were analyzed. There was poor agreement between risk stratification by GBTLI 2009 and BFM 95 protocols (kappa = 0.22; p = 0.003) and by GBTLI 2009 and IC-BFM 2002 protocols (kappa = 0.24; p = 0.002). Risk group distribution was 13.3% for low risk, 32.0% for intermediate risk, and 54.7% for high risk based on stratification by the GBTLI 2009 protocol, and 28.0% for low risk, 42.7% for intermediate risk, and 29.3% for high risk based on stratification by the IC-BFM 2002 protocol. Overall survival was 68.6%. Conclusion: This study provides numerous points to ponder about the treatment of leukemia in Brazil. The percentage of patients classified as high risk in our sample was higher than that reported in the international literature. This difference, however, had no impact on overall survival, which was shorter than that reported in the international literature. (AU)