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1.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 87(4): 404-412, oct.-dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-765776

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: la anemia constituye el problema nutricional más grave en el mundo, y es la deficiencia de hierro su causa más frecuente. Aparece en la edad de 6 a 24 meses. OBJETIVO: identificar los factores de riesgo de la anemia en lactantes de 6 meses de edad. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo en el Policlínico "Ángel Arturo Aballí", en el período comprendido entre el 1ro. de septiembre de 2012 al 31 de agosto de 2013. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, se revisaron las historias clínicas de todos los niños nacidos en el periodo y de las madres durante el embarazo. Las variables estudiadas maternas fueron: el hematocrito del tercer trimestre y posparto; en el niño, la edad de gestación al parto, el peso al nacer, el tipo de lactancia recibida, el hematocrito a los 6 meses y la valoración nutricional a los 6 meses. Se utilizó como medidas de resumen los números absolutos y porcentajes, y para la relación entre variables se utilizó cálculo de chi cuadrado. RESULTADOS: se diagnosticó anemia según hematocrito en el 38,9 % de los lactantes. El bajo peso al nacer (p= 0,009), la anemia durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo (p= 0,018) y la lactancia artificial (p= 0,027) mostraron asociación significativa con la anemia. CONCLUSIONES: el bajo peso al nacer, la anemia durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo y la lactancia artificial constituyen los factores relacionados con la anemia a los 6 meses.


INTRODUCTION: anemia is the most serious nutritional problem worldwide and iron deficiency is the most frequent cause. It occurs at the age of 6 to 24 months. OBJECTIVE: to identify the risk factors to anemia in six months-old infants. METHODS: a retrospective longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted in "Angel Arturo Aballi" Polyclinics from September 1st 2012 to August 31st 2013. All the medical histories from children born in this period and those of their mothers during pregnancy were all analyzed and the method was the convenience non-probabilistic sampling. The studied variables were hematocryt count at the third trimester of pregnancy and after delivery in mothers, and the gestational age at the time of delivery, birthweight, type of feeding, hematocrit count and nutritional assessment at 6 months of age in children. The summary measures were absolute numbers and percentages whereas Chi-square estimation was used for variables association. RESULTS: anemia was diagnosed in 38.9 % of infants according to the hematocrit count. Low birth weight (p= 0.009), existing anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy (p= 0.018) and no breastfeeding (p= 0.027) were significantly related to anemia. CONCLUSIONS: low birth weight, anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy and artificial lactation are the risk factors related to anemia at 6 months of age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/physiology , Anemia/diagnosis , Anemia/prevention & control , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Longitudinal Studies
2.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 11(2): 281-290, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-629887

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se realizó un estudio sobre el comportamiento de la epidemia de VIH/sida en el municipio Habana Vieja. Objetivo: Describir la evolución del VIH-SIDA según algunas variables biológicas y sociales durante los períodos 1997-2002 y 2003_2008. Pacientes y Métodos: Se estudiaron 337 casos, 118 en el primer período de estudio y 219 en el segundo, mostrando una duplicidad en el segundo. Resultados: Las edades que mostraron mayores porcentajes fueron de 20_34 y 40_49. Predominó el sexo masculino y dentro de ellos los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). El mayor porciento de los estudiados eran solteros y su nivel de escolaridad entre secundaria básica y preuniversitario. Conclusiones: Concluimos que la tendencia de la epidemia es a continuar su incremento, aunque la evolución de la enfermedad ha mejorado después del inicio de la terapia con medicamentos antirretrovirales de gran actividad.


Introduction:There was carried out a study about the behavior of the VIHS/AIDS at the municipality of Old Havana. Objective: describing the evolution of the VIH/AIDS according with some biological and social varieties during the periods of 1997 - 2002 y 2003 _ 2008. Materials and Methods: The universe and sample was represented by all the diagnosed cases as HIV positive persons in those periods. In the first period there were diagnosed 118 cases and in the second one 219 cases. Results: We observed that in the period of study there were notified a total of 337 cases, with a progressive increase of the rate and with an increasing tendency of such. The ages that showed greater per cents were the ones of 20 _ 34 y 40 _ 49. The preponderance was in the male sex and among them the men who have sex with men (MSM). The greater percent of the studied cases were single and the education degrees were secondary school and high school. Conclusions: The AIDS epidemic at the municipality shows a growing speed in the epidemic duplicating the number of cases in the second study period. The major percent of the infested patients are found in the young men and adults medium age ones. The mortality decreases in the second period of study with the increase with the use antiretroviral drugs.

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