ABSTRACT
Introduction- Staphylococcus aureus is one of the principal human pathogens that colonizes healthy individuals as well as causes severe infections in hospitalized patients. They have differential ability to spread and cause outbreaks in hospitals. The study was done to isolate S.aureus from various clinical samples and to know their antibiogram. Methodology- The study included a total of 312 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various clinical specimens. The specimens received were processed further for identification by standard microbiological procedures like direct microscopic examination, culture and various standard identification methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar as per CLSI guidelines. Result- A total of 312 isolates of S. aureus were obtained from various clinical samples. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. Infection rate was more in age group 46-60 years. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were more commonly obtained from surgery department (38.78%) followed by orthopedics. All the strains were 100% sensitive to Vancomycin, Netilmicin, Linezolid and Teicoplanin. Higher resistance was noted against Penicillin(94.87%), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole(72.44%).Lower resistance was noted against Nitrofurantoin(13.33%). Conclusion- The determination of the anti-microbial susceptibility is also crucial for an optimal therapy, for epidemiological purposes and for infection control measures.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To study clinical profile of the newly emerged novel strain non-O1, O139 of Vibrio cholerae, in the region of Ambajogai, District Beed of Maharashtra. METHODS: Out of 208 patients of acute gastroenteritis, 41 revealed to be positive for Vibrio cholerae by recommended method of stool examination. All the strains were sent to National Institute of Cholera and Infectious Diseases, Calcutta for confirmation. RESULTS: Out of 41 cases, 12 were of Vibrio cholerae O1, 29 Non-O1, of which nine found to be O139 strain. All patients were from 2-80 years of age with low-socioeconomic status and maximum incidence was in August (64.70%), presented with severe rice watery loose motions. Vomiting was observed in 26 (63.41%), more so in patients of O139 infection (88.88%) than four (33.33%) of O1 infection. Sweating was observed in three patients (33.33%) of O139 infection, cramps in gastrocnemis muscles in three patients (33.33%) of O139 infection and two (16.66%) of O1 infection. Signs of dehydration were mild to moderate in four patients (33.33%) of O1 infection; severe dehydration in six (66.66%), moderate in two (22.22%) and mild in one patient (11.11%) of O139 infection. While dehydration was severe in four (20%), moderate in one (5%) and mild in three patients (15%) of Non-O1 infection (excluding O139 cases). Clinical features were more severe in patients of serotype O139 than the patients of O1 and Non-O1 (excluding O139 cases). However all patients responded to intravenous fluids, oral rehydration and antibiotics (tetracycline) within 24-48 hours without any mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study reflects the first emergence of Non-O1, strain O139 during the year 1997 with severe and critical clinical features in Ambajogai region causing high morbidity in the form of severe dehydration and peripheral circulatory collapse which requires early and correct diagnosis and prompt treatment.