ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective The present study compares the analgesic efficacy of two techniques to perform non-surgical reduction: fracture hematoma block and radial nerve supracondylar block. Methods Forty patients with fractures of the distal third of the radius, who required reduction, were selected in a quasi-randomized clinical trial to receive one of the anesthetic techniques. All patients signed the informed consent form, except for those who did not wish to participate in the study, had neurological injury, had contraindication to the procedure in the emergency room, or with contraindication to the use of lidocaine. To measure analgesia, the numerical pain rate scale was used at four different moments: preblock, postblock, during reduction, and after reduction; then three differences were calculated: the first between before and after blocking; the second between during reduction and after blockade; and the third between before blocking and after reduction. Results The fracture hematoma and supracondylar block groups showed the following mean values, respectively: 3.90 (1-10) and 3.50 (-6-10) in difference 1; 4.35 (-5-10) and 5.00 (-3-10) in difference 2; and 4.65 (1-10) and 3.80 (-3-10) in difference 3. Conclusion Both techniques proved to be efficient for analgesia, with mild superiority of hematoma block, but without statistical significance.
Resumo Objetivo O estudo compara a eficácia analgésica de duas técnicas para realizar redução incruenta: o bloqueio de hematoma da fratura e o bloqueio supracondilar de nervo radial. Métodos Quarenta pacientes com fraturas do terço distal do rádio, que necessitassem redução, foram selecionados em um ensaio clínico quasi-randomizado, para receber uma das técnicas anestésicas. Todos os pacientes assinaram o termo de consentimento ou assentimento, com exceção daqueles que não desejassem participar do estudo, tivessem lesão neurológica, com contraindicação ao procedimento na sala de emergências, ou com contraindicação ao uso da lidocaína. Para aferir a analgesia foi utilizada a escala numérica da dor em quatro momentos distintos: pré-bloqueio, pós-bloqueio, durante a redução e após a redução; em seguida, foram calculadas três diferenças: a primeira entre antes e após o bloqueio; a segunda entre durante a redução e após o bloqueio; e a terceira entre antes do bloqueio e após a redução. Resultados Os grupos do bloqueio de hematoma de fratura e bloqueio supracondilar apresentaram respectivamente os seguintes valores médios: 3.90 (1-10) e 3.50 (-6-10) na diferença 1; 4.35 (-5-10) e 5.00 (-3-10) na diferença 2; e 4.65 (1-10) e 3.80 (-3-10) na diferença 3. Conclusão As duas técnicas se provaram eficientes para analgesia, com discreta superioridade do bloqueio de hematoma, mas sem significância estatística.
Subject(s)
Humans , Radius Fractures , Pain Measurement , Closed Fracture Reduction , Anesthesia, Local , Nerve BlockABSTRACT
Es ampliamente conocido que la principal causa de morbi mortalidad en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 2 es la enfermedad cardiovascular en sus diferentes formas. Desde hace mucho tiempo se han diseñado herramientas de cálculo de dicho riesgo, basadas en información estadística obtenida de estudios poblacionales que correlacionan los factores de riesgo cardiovascular con la probabilidad de que los pacientes con diabetes Mellitus presenten complicaciones cardiovasculares. Sin embargo, todas y cada una de dichas herramientas presentan pros y contras para su aplicación en diferentes poblaciones y diferentes contextos clínicos. En el presente trabajo se discute la importancia de la evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes con diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 así como las diferentes opciones disponibles para el cálculo de dicho riesgo...(AU)
It is widely known that the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a cardiovascular disease in various forms. Since some time ago, tools have been designed for calculating this risk, based on statistical data obtained from population studies that correlate cardiovascular risk factors with the likelihood that patients with diabetes mellitus present cardiovascular complications. However, each and every one of these tools have pros and cons for application in different populations and different clinical settings. In this paper the importance of cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the various options available to calculate this risk are discussed...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Diabetes Complications/congenital , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Risk Assessment/methods , GuatemalaABSTRACT
La Diabetes Mellitus representa un problema de salud mundial y nacional, y la hipoglicemia es unade sus más temidas complicaciones. Existe controversia en cuanto a los rangos glicémicos ideales,ya que se ha demostrado mayor mortalidad en pacientes que desarrollan hipoglicemia.Materiales y Métodos: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la incidencia dehipoglicemia en pacientes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y Encamamiento de MedicinaInterna del Hospital Roosevelt y determinar su mortalidad, comparándola con un grupo control sinhipoglicemia. Es un estudio observacional de casos y controles. Se incluyó como grupo de estudioa 35 pacientes en quienes se documentó hipoglicemia, del 1 de enero al 30 de junio del 2011. Porcada sujeto de estudio se tomó un control que no desarrolló hipoglicemia. Se determinó lamortalidad intra-hospitalaria y a los seis meses de cada grupo.Resultados: Intrahospitalariamente fallecieron 10 pacientes (28.6%) del grupo de hipoglicemia y 3(8.6%) del grupo control (RR 3.33; 95% CI, 1.00 11.09; P=0.0496). A los seis meses habíanfallecido 15 pacientes (42.9%) del grupo de hipoglicemia, y 7 (20.0%) del grupo control (RR 2.14; CI0.997 4.605; P=0.0509). Tres pacientes (8.6%) del grupo de hipoglicemia desarrollaron infecciónnosocomial durante el estudio, y ninguno del grupo control (RR 7.00; CI 0.37 130.70; P=0.1926).Se documentaron 10 re-hospitalizaciones en el grupo de hipoglicemia y 9 en los controles.Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra que hay mayor riesgo de morir en pacientes que desarrollanhipoglicemia durante su estancia hospitalaria comparado con quienes no la realizan.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus/economics , Diabetes Mellitus/mortality , Hypoglycemia/complications , Hypoglycemia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
El Síndrome de POEMS (polineuropatía, organomegalia, endocrinopatía, pico gamma monoclonal ycambios en la piel) es una discrasia de células plasmáticas que se manifiesta con un característicoconjunto de trastornos para neoplásicos. Los cambios en la piel, como hiperpigmentación cutáneageneralizada, son debidos al aumento en la secreción del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular.Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 67 años de edad que se presentó con astenia, adinamia y uncuadro importante de anemia, asociados a diabetes mellitus, hipotiroidismo y polineuropatía motora ysensitiva de moderada intensidad. Sus cambios en la piel consistieron en hiperpigmentación, manchasvioláceas en los labios y acentuación de los pliegues de las manos. Los estudios subsecuentesevidenciaron el pico gamma monoclonal y la polineuropatía axonal sensitivo-motora en elelectromiograma. Se brindó el tratamiento quimioterapéutico correspondiente pero sufriócomplicaciones mielosupresoras por esta razón, desarrollo una neumonía intrahospitalaria y falleció aconsecuencia.
The POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein and skin changes)is a rare atypical plasma cell dyscrasia with characteristic para neoplastic manifestations. The skinchanges, as generalized skin hyperpigmentation, are related with elevated levels of vascularendothelial growth factor. We report a clinical case of 67 years old woman who presented withasthenia, adynamia and important anemia, associated to diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and amoderated intensity motor-sensitive polyneuropathy. The skin changes presented by this patientwere hyperpigmentation, violet spots in the lips and accentuation of the lines in the palm of the hand.Subsequent analysis showed the Mprotein and the electromyography showed a motor-sensitivepolyneuropathy in both legs. Adequate chemotherapy was given but mielosuppressive effects wereshown, she acquired nosocomial pneumonia and died as consequence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anemia/complications , Asthenia/diagnosis , Cardiomegaly/diagnosis , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Polyneuropathies/complications , POEMS Syndrome/complicationsABSTRACT
Background: The British Medical Research Council (BMRC) staging has been extensively used to evaluate the disease severity and establish the approximate prognosis of tuberculous meningitis. Aims: This study aimed at analyzing the predictive accuracy for mortality and neurological sequelae of a set of clinical features, laboratory tests and imaging. Methods: We compared the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) staging with a new scoring proposal to predict the prognosis of patients with Central Nervous System Tuberculosis. Data from Ecuador was collected. A score was built using a Spiegelhalter and Knill-Jones method and compared with BMRC staging with a ROC curve. Results: A total of 213/310 patients (68.7%) were in BMRC stage II or III. Fifty-seven patients died (18.3%) and 101 (32.5%) survived with sequelae. The associated predictors were consciousness impairment (p= 0.010), motor deficit (p = 0.003), cisternal effacement (p=0.006) and infarcts (p=0.015). The new score based on these predictors yielded a larger area under the curve of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70-0.82), but not significantly different from the BMRC (0.72: 95% CI: 0.65-0.77). Conclusions: This modern score is easy to apply and could be a sound predictor of poor prognosis. However, the availability of modern tests did not improve the ability to predict a bad outcome.
Subject(s)
Adult , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Disease Progression , Ecuador/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Rate/trends , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/microbiologyABSTRACT
Background: The British Medical Research Council (BMRC) staging has been extensively used to evaluate the disease severity and establish the approximate prognosis of tuberculous meningitis. Aims: This study aimed at analyzing the predictive accuracy for mortality and neurological sequelae of a set of clinical features, laboratory tests and imaging. Methods: We compared the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) staging with a new scoring proposal to predict the prognosis of patients with Central Nervous System Tuberculosis. Data from Ecuador was collected. A score was built using a Spiegelhalter and Knill-Jones method and compared with BMRC staging with a ROC curve. Results: A total of 213/310 patients (68.7%) were in BMRC stage II or III. Fifty-seven patients died (18.3%) and 101 (32.5%) survived with sequelae. The associated predictors were consciousness impairment (p= 0.010), motor deficit (p = 0.003), cisternal effacement (p=0.006) and infarcts (p=0.015). The new score based on these predictors yielded a larger area under the curve of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70-0.82), but not significantly different from the BMRC (0.72: 95% CI: 0.65-0.77). Conclusions: This modern score is easy to apply and could be a sound predictor of poor prognosis. However, the availability of modern tests did not improve the ability to predict a bad outcome.
Subject(s)
Adult , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Disease Progression , Ecuador/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Rate/trends , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/microbiologyABSTRACT
Meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis has recently been reported in patients resulting from the first outbreaks in subtropical regions of Ecuador. METHOD: Eight young adult patients from the two outbreaks were studied. IgA, IgM, IgG and albumin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were quantified and plotted in cerebrospinal fluid/serum quotient diagrams (Reibergrams). The anamnesis on the patients included asking about any consumption of raw snails, symptoms and harm caused. RESULTS: Mean eosinophilia of 7.5 percent and 26 percent in serum and cerebrospinal fluid respectively was observed, as well as a moderate increase in total proteins. The most frequent pattern of intrathecal synthesis was observed in three classes of immunoglobulins. Intrathecal synthesis of IgM was observed in all cases two weeks after the first symptoms appeared. CONCLUSION: The intrathecal synthesis patterns of eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis, facilitated by cerebrospinal fluid analysis, were similar to those of previous cases from abroad.
La meningitis provocada por Angiostrongylus cantonensis ha sido reportada recientemente en pacientes procedentes de los primeros brotes reportados en regiones subtropicales de Ecuador. MÉTODO: Ocho adultos jóvenes procedentes de dos brotes fueron estudiados. Se cuantificó IgA, IgM, IgG y albúmina en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo y fueron colocados en los gráficos de las razones líquido cefalorraquídeo/suero (reibergramas). La anamnesia incluía ingestión de caracoles crudos, los síntomas y los daños provocados. RESULTADOS: Una eosinofílica promedio de 7,5 y 26 por ciento en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo fue observada al igual que un moderado incremento en las proteínas totales. El patrón de síntesis intratecal predominante fue de tres clases de inmunoglobulinas. La síntesis intratecal de IgM se observó en todos los casos a las dos semanas después del inicio de los síntomas. CONCLUSIÓN: El patrón de síntesis intratecal de la meningitis eosinofílica por Angiostrongylus cantonensis facilitado por el análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo fue similar a los casos previos reportados fuera del país.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Humans , Young Adult , Angiostrongylus cantonensis/immunology , Eosinophilia/immunology , Meningitis/immunology , Strongylida Infections/immunology , Albumins/analysis , Disease Outbreaks , Ecuador/epidemiology , Eosinophilia/epidemiology , Eosinophilia/parasitology , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Meningitis/epidemiology , Meningitis/parasitology , Strongylida Infections/epidemiology , Strongylida Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: determinar a diferença dos valores angulares da cifose torácica utilizando como vértebra terminal cranial diferentes níveis (T2 a T5). MÉTODOS: foram avaliadas radiografias em perfil de cem adolescentes voluntários saudáveis da Escola Industrial do Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI) de Ribeirão Preto (SP), com prévia autorização dos pais ou responsáveis. Foram excluídas as radiografias de dez indivíduos por falhas na qualidade. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: mensuração da cifose torácica pelo método de Cobb, utilizando T2, T3, T4 ou T5 como vértebra terminal cranial e T12 como vértebra terminal caudal. RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 90 indivíduos (46 do sexo masculino e 44 do feminino), com idade variando de 13 a 15 anos (média 14±6). O valor angular da cifose torácica nos diferentes níveis variou entre 45º (T2-T12) e 35º (T5-T12) no sexo masculino, e valor angular entre 43º(T2-T12) e 30º (T5-T12) no sexo feminino. CONCLUSÃO: foi observada diferença constante de aproximadamente 5º quando comparados os valores angulares da cifose torácica utilizando diferentes níveis (T2 a T5) como vértebra terminal cranial.
OBJECTIVE: to determine the difference of the thoracic kyphosis angular values using different levels (T2 a T5) as a terminal cranial vertebra. METHODS: sagittal radiographies of one hundred healthy adolescent volunteers, who study at Escola Industrial do Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI) in Ribeirão Preto SP), were evaluated the sagittal radiographies of one hundred health volunteers adolescent, that studies at Escola Industrial do SESI in Ribeirão Preto (SP), with parents consent. Ten adolescents were excluded because of flaws in the quality. The studied parameters were: the measurement of thoracic kyphosis by the Cobb method, using T2, T3, T4, T5 as a terminal proximal vertebra and T12 as a distal final vertebra. RESULTS: Ninety individuals (46 men and 44 women), aged from 13 to 15 (average of 14±6), were evaluated. The angular value of thoracic kyphosis in the different levels varied from 46º (T2 - T12) to 35º (T5 - T12) in men, and from 44º (T2- T12) to 30º (T5 - T12) in women. CONCLUSION: A constant difference of approximately 5º was observed when comparing the angular values of thoracic kyphosis using different levels (T2 - T5) as a terminal cranial vertebra.
OBJETIVO: determinar la diferencia de los valores angulares de la cifosis torácica usando como vértebra terminal craneal, diferentes niveles (T2 a T5). MÉTODOS: fueron evaluadas radiografías en perfil de cien adolescentes voluntarios saludables de la Escola Industrial do Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI) de Ribeirão Preto (SP), con previa autorización de sus padres o responsables. Fueron excluidas radiografías de diez individuos por fallas de resolución. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: la medida de la cifosis torácica por el método de Cobb, usando T2,T3,T4 y T5 como vértebra terminal craneal y T12 como vértebra terminal caudal. RESULTADOS: fueron evaluados 90 individuos (46 hombres y 44 mujeres), con edades que varían de 13 a 15 años (media 14±6). El valor angular de la cifosis torácica en los diferentes niveles fue de 45º (T2-T12) y 35º (T5-T12) en el sexo masculino, y valor angular de 43º (T2-T12) y 30º (T5-T12) en el sexo femenino. CONCLUSIÓN: fue observada una diferencia constante de aproximadamente 5º cuando los valores angulares de la cifosis torácica fueron comparados, usando diferentes niveles (T2 a T5) como vértebra terminal craneal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Efficacy , Morbidity , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapyABSTRACT
Este trabalho analisa os esforços inovativos de empresas das indústrias têxtil-vestuário, de calçados, de móveis e de cerâmica que - mesmo tendo como principal fonte de tecnologia as indústrias fornecedoras, como a química e os bens de capital - são responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de aplicações em produtos e processos capazes de proporcionar importantes vantagens diferenciais aos produtores.
Subject(s)
Technological Development , Textile Industry , Ceramic Industry , Industry , BrazilABSTRACT
Background: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a systemic disease with dermatological manifestations. We investigated the prevalence of this disease in patients at the Hospital of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Material and methods: A series of 204 suspected patients with clinical symptoms and epidemiological data affirmative for the disease were investigated for LB with serology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry associated. Results: In this group of suspected LB patients, serological positivity with IFABb was 33,50 per cent while it was 29,41 per cent among controls. Positivity with ElisaBb was 35,48 per cent. The "G" statistic test was >0,5. We observed the following clinical manifestations: 33 annular erythemas; 2 benign lymphocytic infiltration of the skin; 3 lymphocytoma cutis; 1 urticaria; 9 morphea; 1 systemic progressive sclerosis; 3 lichen sclerosus et atrophicus; 1 eosniphilic fasciitis; 1 edema; 1 purpuric and pigmented dermatitis; 5 arthralgias; 1 polineuropathy; 3 neuralgias and 1 AV heart block. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinationsdid not identify the etiological agent Bb in any case. Conclusion: 1 - Cutaneous manifestations were the predominating clinical symptons among suspected patients Lb; 2 - The serological test (IFABb) utilized did not help Lyme disease diagnosis. Our controls are above the percentage in endemic areas, and Rio de Janeiro may be one such area; 3 - Serological tests for syphilis should be done at the same time as the serological antiBb test to detect false positive readings