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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(2): 286-294, abr. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-622479

ABSTRACT

Os eventos isquêmicos em cães são incomuns, porém podem estar sendo subnotificados. Avaliou-se o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) clinicamente, por meio de eletrocardiografia (ECG), eletrocardiografia contínua (EC), ecocardiografia (ECO), enzima creatina quinase (CK), enzima creatina quinase fração MB (CK-MB) e anátomo-histologicamente em cães sem raça definida, e observou-se a ocorrência de arritmias após injeção intramiocárdia por EC. O IAM foi obtido após a ligadura da coronária descendente anterior. Os animais apresentaram ao ECO dilatação da câmara esquerda e aumento do índice de desempenho miocárdico. Ao ECG houve desnivelamento de ST nas derivações pré-cordiais V1 e V2. No EC observaram-se arritmias ventriculares graves e supradesnivelamento de ST. As enzimas CK e CK-MB aumentaram significativamente, sendo que os picos de CK-MB e de CK ocorreram seis horas e 12 horas, respectivamente, após o IAM. Na análise histológica constatou-se infarto da parede inferior do ventrículo esquerdo e substituição do tecido muscular por tecido fibroso. Avaliou-se a injeção intramiocárdica por EC que pode servir como via terapêutica cardíaca, não sendo observado aumento das arritmias ventriculares após a injeção no miocárdio infartado. O infarto em cães pode ser detectado pelos exames cardíacos disponíveis, e a injeção intramiocárdica é uma via terapêutica cardíaca possível.


Ischemic events in dogs are uncommon; however, this may be under-reported. The myocardial infarction was created by left anterior descending coronary ligation in healthy mongrel dogs in clinical and laboratorial exams. These dogs were evaluated clinically, electrocardiography (ECG), through ambulatory electrocardiography (AE), echocardiography (ECO), creatine kinase enzyme (CK), creatine kinase MB fraction enzyme (CK-MB) and histopathologically. Even in these animals we observed the occurrence of arrhythmia after intramyocardial injection by AE. The animals exhibited left ventricular chamber enlargement and increase in myocardial performance index at ECO. In ECG, there were deviations in ST segment in the precordial leads V1 and V2. CK and CK-MB showed high increase, CK and CK-MB peaks occurred six and 12 hours after infarction, respectively. Histopathology of the infarction in the inferior wall of the left ventricle and replacement of muscle tissue by fibrous tissue were seen. Furthermore, intramyocardial injection that may be used for therapeutic purposes was evaluated by AE, which demonstrated no increase in the ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, myocardial infarction in dogs can be detected with the tests available and intramyocardial injection can be used as a therapeutic way.

2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 37(3): 409-417, Mar. 2004. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-356609

ABSTRACT

Hydration is recommended in order to decrease the overload on the cardiovascular system when healthy individuals exercise, mainly in the heat. To date, no criteria have been established for hydration for hypertensive (HY) individuals during exercise in a hot environment. Eight male HY volunteers without another medical problem and 8 normal (NO) subjects (46 ± 3 and 48 ± 1 years; 78.8 ± 2.5 and 79.5 ± 2.8 kg; 171 ± 2 and 167 ± 1 cm; body mass index = 26.8 ± 0.7 and 28.5 ± 0.6 kg/m²; resting systolic (SBP) = 142.5 and 112.5 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) = 97.5 and 78.1 mmHg, respectively) exercised for 60 min on a cycle ergometer (40 percent of VO2peak) with (500 ml 2 h before and 115 ml every 15 min throughout exercise) or without water ingestion, in a hot humid environment (30ºC and 85 percent humidity). Rectal (Tre) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, heart rate (HR), SBP, DBP, double product (DP), urinary volume (Vu), urine specific gravity (Gu), plasma osmolality (Posm), sweat rate (S R), and hydration level were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in a split plot design, followed by the Newman-Keuls test. There were no differences in Vu, Posm, Gu and S R responses between HY and NO during heat exercise with or without water ingestion but there was a gradual increase in HR (59 and 51 percent), SBP (18 and 28 percent), DP (80 and 95 percent), Tre (1.4 and 1.3 percent), and Tsk (6 and 3 percent) in HY and NO, respectively. HY had higher HR (10 percent), SBP (21 percent), DBP (20 percent), DP (34 percent), and Tsk (1 percent) than NO during both experimental situations. The exercise-related differences in SBP, DP and Tsk between HY and NO were increased by water ingestion (P < 0.05). The results showed that cardiac work and Tsk during exercise were higher in HY than in NO and the difference between the two groups increased even further with water ingestion. It was concluded that hydration protocol recommended for NO during exercise could induce an abnormal cardiac and thermoregulatory responses for HY individuals without drug therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Body Temperature Regulation , Drinking , Exercise , Hypertension , Blood Pressure , Body Fluids , Case-Control Studies , Exercise Test , Heart Rate , Hot Temperature , Humidity
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 31(1): 127-31, Jan. 1998.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-212548

ABSTRACT

An apparently paradoxical role for IFN-gamma in human Chagas'disease was observed when studying the pattern of cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from two groups of chagasic patients after specific stimulation with Trypanosoma cruzi-derived antigens. The groups studied were 1) patients treated with bendnidazole during the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and 2) chronically infected untreated patients. In the treated group, higher levels of IFN-gamma were produced by PBMC from individuals cured after treatment when compared to non-cured patients. In contrast, in the chronically infected group (not treated) higher levels of IFN-gamma were produced by PBMC from cardiac patients in comparison with asymptomatic (indeterminate) patients. This apparently paradoxical role for IFN-gamma in human Chagas'disease is discussed in terms of the possibility of a temporal difference in IFN-gamma production during the initial stages of the infection (acute phase) in the presence or absence of chemotherapy. The maintenance of an immune response with high levels of IFN-gamma production during the chronic phase of the infection may favor cure or influence the development of the cardiac form of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease/immunology , Chagas Disease/physiopathology , Interferon-gamma/physiology , Chagas Disease/blood , Leukocytes, Mononuclear
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 69(1): 55-7, jul. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-214038

ABSTRACT

Homem de 36 anos, com quadro de estenose aórtica crítica e choque cardiogênico refratário, foi submetido avalvuloplastia aórtica por baläo como procedimento desalvamento, seguindoÄse compensaçäo clínica, o que possiblitou a realizaçäo de cirurgia de troca valvar aórtica no 48§ dia após esse procedimento. O acompanhamento clínico e ecocardiográfico demonstrou melhora funcional significativa até o presente, oito meses apósa cirurgia. A valvuloplastia aórtica por baläo constitui opçäo terapêutica de salvamento em pacientes com estenose aórtica grave e elevado risco cirúrgico, servindo como ponte para a cirurgia de troca aórtica ou transplante cardíaco. A cirurgia de troca aórtica deve ser considerada, mesmo em pacientes com disfunçäo ventricular grave, reservandoÄse transplante cardíaco aos pacientes em que se supöe depressäo muito acentuada e irreversível da contratilidade miocárdica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Catheterization , Aortic Valve Stenosis/therapy
5.
Rev. SOCERJ ; 10(1): 35-9, jan. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-248170

ABSTRACT

A incidência da fibrilação atrial aumenta com a idade, bem como as complicaçöes decorrentes dela própria e de seu tratamento, isto é, a anticoagulação. A principal complicação é a embolia cerebral, aumentada no idoso. Infelizamente, a incidência de complicaçöes hemorrágicas graves devido aos anticoagulantes está também aumentada e o ácido acetilsalicílico não se mostrou muito eficaz nessa faixa etária. A disfunção diastólica e as cardiopatias usualmente concomitantes tornam o idoso particularmente sensível às alteraçöes hemodinâmicas impostas pela fibrilação atrial, não sendo raras a dispnéia, as palpitaçöes constantes, a insufuciência cardíaca e as síncopes. Sendo assim, os autores propöem uma ênfase maior na tentativa de restauração e manutenção do ritmo sinusal nessa população, a fim de evitar a ocorrência de embolias sistêmicas sem o risco de hemorragias, além de proporcionar melhora mais eficaz da sintomatologia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/etiology , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Incidence , Aged, 80 and over , Electric Countershock , Morbidity
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 66(supl.1): 21-8, mar. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-165621

ABSTRACT

A taquicardia por reentrada nodal (TRN) corresponde, aproximadamente, 50 a 70 por cento dos tipos de taquicardia paroxística supraventricular (TPSV). Existe certa prevalência favorável ao sexo feminino e em menores de 40 anos de idade. A frequência cardíaca (FC), durante o paroxismo taquicárdico, pode oscilar de 100 a 280bpm, com valores médios em torno de 170bpm. A arquitetura complexa do nódulo atrioventricular (NAV), com sua característica de anisotropia tissular e heterogeneidade de conduçäo dompulso elétrico, com dissociaçäo longitudinal, levando ao chamado comportamento dual de conduçäo atrioventricular (AV) ou ventrículo-atrial, predispöes ao microcircuito de reentrada intranodal -base fisiopatológica da TRN. A seguir, as características eletrofisiológicas da estrutura do sistema de conduçäo, desde aspectos eletrofisiológicos até modalidades de abordagem terapêutica, visando o esclarecimento do mecanismo da taquicardia e o procedimento técnico utilizado para sua erradiaçäo.


Subject(s)
Catheter Ablation , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/therapy , Heart Block
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