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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(8): 1083-1090, Aug. 2006. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-433170

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Brazil increases from South to North but moderate to elevated prevalence has been detected in the Southwest of Paraná State. The prevalence of serological markers of HBV was evaluated in 3188 pregnant women from different counties in Paraná State and relevant epidemiological features were described. The prevalence of HBV markers in pregnant women for the state as a whole was 18.5 percent (95 percent CI = 17.2-19.9), ranging from 7.2 percent in Curitiba to 38.5 percent in Francisco Beltrão. The endemicity of HBV marker prevalence in pregnant women was intermediate in Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu, and Francisco Beltrão, and low in Curitiba, Londrina, Maringá, and Paranaguá. Multiple logistic regression showed that HBV marker prevalence increased with age, was higher among black women, among women of Italian and German descent, and among women who had family members in neighboring Rio Grande do Sul State. Univariate analysis showed that HBV marker prevalence was also higher among women with no education or only primary education, with a lower family income and whose families originated from the South Region of Brazil. Pregnant women not having positive HBV markers (anti-HBc, HBsAg or anti-HBs detected by ELISA) corresponded to 73.7 percent of the population studied, implying that HBV vaccination needs to be reinforced in Paraná State. The highest prevalence was found in three counties that received the largest number of families from Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, where most immigrants were of German or Italian ascendance. This finding probably indicates that immigrants that came to this area brought HBV infection to Southwestern Paraná State.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Core Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Socioeconomic Factors
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 37(5): 683-689, May 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-357540

ABSTRACT

Few data are available in the literature concerning the efficacy of standard hysteroscope disinfection procedures to prevent hepatitis B transmission. The aim of the present study was to determine the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission during hysteroscopy among anti-HBc-seropositive women. Serum and hysteroscopic samples were collected from 62 women after diagnostic hysteroscopy. All samples were tested for serologic HBV markers. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were carried out to amplify regions C and S of the viral genome and only samples amplified by both pairs of primers were considered to be positive. Anti-HBc was repeatedly reactive in 48 (77 percent) of 62 serum samples, and HBsAg was detected in 8 (13 percent). At least one HBV serologic marker was found in 49 (79 percent) samples. Only one sample was HBsAg positive and anti-HBc negative. HBV-DNA was detected by PCR in 7 serum samples but in only 3 hysteroscopic samples obtained just after hysteroscopy. It is noteworthy that high levels of anti-HBc IgM were detected in one HBsAg-negative patient who showed an HBV-DNA-positive hysteroscopic sample. An elevated sample/cut-off ratio for anti-HBc IgM suggests recent infection and reinforces the need for testing for HBsAg and anti-HBc before hysteroscopy, since acute hepatitis B can be clinically asymptomatic. Viral DNA was not detected in any hysteroscopic samples collected after washing and disinfecting procedures with glutaraldehyde. We conclude that HBV-DNA can be found in the hysteroscope soon after hysteroscopy, but standard disinfecting procedures are effective in viral removal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Disinfection , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B Antibodies , Hepatitis B virus , Hysteroscopy , Biomarkers , DNA, Viral , Risk Factors
3.
Cir. vasc. angiol ; 12(4): 161-5, dez. 1996. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-248152

ABSTRACT

De março de 1994 a abril de 1996, 18 pacientes foramsubmetidos à 20 endarectomias de carótida, com a indicação cirúrgica baseada no ecodoppler. A apresentação clínica foi: ataques isquêmicos transitórios hemisféricos em 9, acidente vascular cerebral com recuperação em 4, estenose assintomática da carótida em 6 e isquemia de rotina em 1. Em 18 casos, o ecodoppler demostrou placas de ateroma na bifurcação da carótida provocando estenose acima de 80 'por cento'; em dois casos, placas complexas ulceradas, com estenose entre 50 e 79 'por cento'. As operaçöes foram feitas sob bloqueio cervical, com a derivação interna usada seletivamente. Os achados operatórios confirmaram os resultados do ecodoppler em todos os casos, exceto um, no qual foi encontrada trombose recente da carótida interna na operação, realizada 35 dias depois do ecodoppler. O ecodoppler teve uma acurária de 95 'por cento' nesta série. Nenhum paciente teve déficit neurológico ou foi a óbito no pós-operatório. Os autores concluem que pacientes selecionados podem ser submetidos à endarterectomia da carótida sem arteriografia pré-operatória, desde que o Serviço de ecodoppler seja confiável.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Middle Aged , Endarterectomy, Carotid , Carotid Artery Diseases , Follow-Up Studies , Heparin/administration & dosage , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
4.
Cir. vasc. angiol ; 11(4): 111-3, dez. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-165663

ABSTRACT

Os autores relatam um caso raro de compressäo das veias femoral e ilíaca externa esquerda por um cisto sinovial do quadril, simulando trombose venosa profunda. Houve regressäo completa do quadro clínico após ressecçäo cirúrgica do cisto


Subject(s)
Femoral Vein , Iliac Vein , Synovial Cyst , Thrombophlebitis
5.
Cir. vasc. angiol ; 11(3): 46-54, set. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-165674

ABSTRACT

É relatado aqui o primeiro inquérito prospectivo multicêntrico sobre infecçäo local pós-cirurgia arterial realizado no Brasil. Os objetivos do inquérito foram: 1. determinar as taxas de infecçäo local pós-cirurgia arterial nos serviços brasileiros; 2. relatar o curso das infecçöes locais que viessem a ocorrer durante o estudo; 3. anotar os métodos de profilaxia de infecçäo usados nos serviços participantes. Usando critérios mais detalhado foi preenchido somente para os pacientes com infecçäo local s-operatória. No total, foram estudados 1340 pacientes de 13 serviços, operados ao longo de um período de 12 mese. A análise dos dados demográficos, clínicos e estatísticos do estudo levou aos seguintes resultados: A taxa total de infecçäo local pós-operatória foi 9,18 por cento. A taxa mediana de infecçäo dos serviços participantes foi 6,67 por cento; a taxa de infecçäo de ferida operatória (incisional) foi 6,94 por cento. A taxa de infecçäo dos enxertos arteriais foi 3,29 por cento; A taxa de infecçäods enxertos sintéticos foi de 4,5 por cento; de veias autólogas, 2,14 por cento; a regiäo inguinal foi o local de 86,14 por cento das infecçöes locais. Praticamente näo se observou infecçäo em operaçöes no pescoço e nos membros superiores. Diabetes, reoperaçäo e incisäo na regiäo inguinal foram fatores clínicos associados a um risco relativo aumentado de infecçäo local; as infecçöes incisionais estiveram associadas a uma taxa de amputaçäo de 24,7 por cento; as infecçöes de enxerto resultaram em uma taxademortalidfade de 45,16 por cento, e uma taxa de amputaçäo de 38,7 por cento entre os sobreviventes. O único método de profilaxia consistentemente usado em todos os serviços foi a administraçäo rotineira de uma cefalosporina endovenosa, ante do início da operaçäo.


Subject(s)
Surgical Wound Infection , Vascular Surgical Procedures
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 52(1): 74-7, mar. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-129369

ABSTRACT

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente com ataques isquêmicos transitórios (AITs) cuja fonte de êmbolos originou-se ipsilateralmente ao fundo de saco de uma carótida interna ocluída (carotid stump syndrome). O paciente foi submetido a ressecçäo cirúrgica do "coto" (stump), com alívio total dos sintomas. O tromboembolismo decorrente do fundo de saco ou coto, documentado por arteriografia, se faz através das artérias anastomóticas, sendo agravado pela turbulência do fluxo sangüíneo a esse nível


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/complications , Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Ischemic Attack, Transient/complications , Carotid Artery, Internal/surgery , Carotid Artery, Internal , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnosis , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/surgery , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Ischemic Attack, Transient/diagnosis , Ischemic Attack, Transient/surgery , Thromboembolism/etiology
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